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[[[ qy sukrfq nUM Ëihr pIxf ipaf

-nriBMdr

         Ëihr aYvyN nhIN pIqf jFdf. dohF hwQF nfl Ëihr dy Bry bfty nUM buwlHF nfl CuhfAuxf qy zk-zk ky aMdr lMGf jfxf iksy kmËor mn dI inÈfnI nhIN. ieh iewk aYsI avsQf hY, ijwQy Ëihr vI aMimRq bx jFdf hY. afdmI dy afdmI hox dI isKrlI mMiËl hY, ieh, ijwQy hr sËf pRvfn hY. kbUl hY.

         dwisaf jFdf hY ik pMjvIN sdI (eIsf pUrv) dy pRiswD iPlfsPr sukrfq nUM ieh suBfg nsIb hoieaf sI. lokF qy hfkmF vloN sËf suxfeI geI sI, jo sukrfq ny kbUl kIqI. AuhnF ny Aus nM Ëihr df bftf idwqf. sukrfq iewko sfhy zkfr igaf, pr ies bfty nUM aMdr suwtx qoN pihlF Aus ny kuJ Èbd khy, ijhVy ievyN hn- “mYN ieh spwÈt rUp ivwc vyK irhf hF ik hux smF af igaf hY, jdoN myry leI mOq hI sB qoN ibhqr hY. myrf mr ky AulJxF qoN Cutkfrf hfsl kr lYxf hI TIk hY. ies leI mYN AunHF sfiraF nfl nfrfË nhIN hF, ijnHF mYnUM aprfDI aYlfinaf hY aqy mYnUM mfVf ikhf hY. swcIEN AunHF vloN mYnUM koeI nuksfn nhIN phuMcfieaf igaf. hflFik ies gwl nUM mYN cMgI qrHF jfxdf hF ik AunHF ny ieh sB kuJ myrf Blf krn leI kIqf. ies leI AunHF nUM myrI dovyN hwQ joV ky bynqI hY ik jdoN myry bwcy vwzy ho jfx qF AunHF nUM vI iesy qrHF dI sËf idwqI jfvy aqy sqfieaf jfvy, ijs qrHF myry AuWqy Ëulm kIqy hn, mYnUM sqfieaf hY aqy pIx nUM Ëihr idwqf hY. JUTy, dMB-Pryb kr ky jy Auh swc `qy pihrf dyx dI QF Dn-dOlq jF iksy hor lflcI vsqU dy ipwCy Bwjx, jy Auh kuJ nf huMidaF hoieaF vI afpxy afp nUM bhuq kuJ smJx, qF AunHF nUM lfËmI rUp ivwc sKq qoN sKq sËf idwqI jfvy. myry ivCVn df smF hux af igaf hY aqy asIN afpxI-afpxI rfh PVFgy. mYN mOq nfl glvwkVI pfvFgf. qusIN iËMdgI mfnx vwl jfAugy.”

         ieh Èbd kih ky Aus ny ipaflf aMdr suwt ilaf. mOq nUM itwcr krn vfly sukrfq ny hwQIN qF ikqy iewk lPË qwk nhIN iliKaf. Auh qF isrP boldf hI sI, ijs dIaF AukqIaF nUM, boly gey ÈbdF nUM Aus dy cyilaF aPlfqUn aqy jynoPfn ny kfgËF AuWqy Auqfiraf. Blf jy ieh dovyN sKÈ Aus dy khy XQfrQ nUM klmbMd nf krdy qF ies kol sbUq sI ik Ëihr df ipaflf pIx vflf afpxy smyN df iewk mhfn iPlfsPr sI, ijs ny afDuink PlsPy dI nINh rwKI sI. aPlfqUn ny ieh ivcfr ‘zfielfgË’ nfmI pusqk ivwc aqy jynoPfn ny ‘sfkryitkf’ nfmI gRMQ ivwc drj kr ky Aus dI ivrfsq nUM dunIaf dI JolI pfieaf.

         sukrfq AuvyN hI grIbI nfl lVdf irhf, ijvyN ik iPlfsPrF nUM ies nfl ieÈk huMdf hY. 469 eIsvI pUrv ivwc sukrfq eyQnË ivwc pYdf hoieaf sI. eyQnË AuhnIN idnIN sunihrI Xuwg `coN lMG irhf sI. dwisaf jFdf hY ik sukrfq df ipqf pwQr dIaF mUrqIaF qrfÈx df kMm krdf sI aqy mF syivkf df kMm krdI sI. Auh dOr aijhy sn, jdoN hr nfgirk nUM POjI iswiKaf hfsl krn dI pfbMdI sI. rfj afpxy ivsQfr leI hr smyN XuwD ivwc ruwJf rihMdf sI. sukrfq ny vI POjI lVfkU iswiKaf hfsl kIqI. rfjy dI POj ivwc igaF keI lVfeIaF lVIaF. vDyry kr ky Auh afpxy cyilaF ivwc hI bYTf rihMdf sI aqy hr Gtnf bfry qrk dy afDfr `qy crcf krdf rihMdf sI. Auh hr Gtnf, vfpr rhy vrqfry df kwtV aflock sI. aflock hI nhIN, Aus dI ÈbdF AuWqy vI bhuq iËafdf pkV sI. kih lE ik ÈbdF df jfdUgr. Auh iZwly ijhy vsqr pf ky svyry hI GroN inkl pYNdf aqy sfrf idn nMgy pYr GuMmdf rihMdf. lok Aus dy muwK `coN ÈbdF df Aucfrx suxn dI qVp ivwc rihMdy. pr pqnI dI ingHf ivwc Auh iewk inkMmf pqI sI. AuNj dohF ivwc pRym vI isry df sI. dovyN iewk-dUjy pRqI icMqq rihMdy sn.

         sukrfq ijwQy vI QF imldI, pMj-ds lok imldy, AuQy hI afpxy icMqn df hokf dyx lwgdf. Aus dI icMqf ivwc lokfeI dI pIVf pRqI snyhf sI aqy hfkmF dIaF awXfÈIaF aqy aiqafcfrF pRqI nPrq. lokF dy svflF df juafb Auh aYsy qrk nfl idMdf sI ik Auh AunHF nUM kIl lYNdf. hfkmF dy jbr hyT eyQnË dy lok bhuq mMdhflI vflI iËMdgI ijAu rhy sn. sukrfq afp hI suafl krdf, aMdrly nUM kuryddf, Èwk pYdf krdf, Auqsukqf dy bIj bIjdf. Auh lokF qoN puwCdf, iËMdgI kI hY? mOq kI hY? dyÈ kI hY. rfj-Bfg dI lokfeI pRqI kI iËMmyvfrI hY? Aus dy svfl lokF dy mnF ivwc qihlkf mcf idMdy. Kud sukrfq hI ienHF suaflF df juafb idMdf.

         dwisaf jFdf hY ik iewk vyrI sukrfq nUM inaF sMmqI df mYNbr vI inXukq kIqf igaf sI. AuhnIN idnIN eyQnË dy kuJ POjI muKIaF AuWqy mukwdmy cl rhy sn aqy AunHF nUM mOq dI sËf suxfeI geI sI. sukrfq ies PYsly dy ivruwD sn. inaF sMmqI dy bfkI sfry mYNbr POjI aiDkfrIaF nUM mOq dI sËf dy hwk ivwc sn. ivvsQf dI prvfh kIqy ibnF Auh afpxy PYsly dy hwk ivwc zwt igaf. sMn 404 eIsvI pUrv ivwc eyQnË sfmrfj df aMq ho igaf. isrP qIh afdmI hI AuQy hkUmq kr rhy sn. AunHF ny gYr-kfnUMnI ZMg nfl sukrfq nUM igRPqfr krvf idwqf. ies ipwCoN sukrfq nUM muafPI mMgx leI mjbUr kIqf igaf aqy ieh vI hukm suxfieaf igaf ik jy Aus ny afpxf PYslf nf bdilaf qF mOq dI sËf leI iqafr rhy, pr sukrfq tws qooN mws nf hoieaf. Aus dy pYrokfrF smyq aPlfqUn aqy jynoPfn ny bhuq bynqIaF kIqIaF ik sukrfq mMn jfvy, pr sukrfq AuWqy bynqIaF df koeI asr hI nhIN sI.

         sfl 399 eIsvI pUrv ivwc sukrfq AuWqy do kmytIaF hor ibTfeIaF geIaF. iewk ny ies kys nUM jFcxf sI ik Auh gxqMqr dy dyviqaF AuWqy ivÈvfs nhIN krdf. dUsrI ny ieh jFcxf sI ik ieh nvIN pIVHI nUM rfj aqy rfj dIaF mfnqfvF dy ivruwD BVkf irhf hY. afKr dohF kmytIaF ny iehnF doÈF qihq Aus nUM mOq dI sËf suxfeI. koeI 70 ku sfl dI Aumr hovygI. mOq dI sËf ivwc ieh drj sI ik Aus nUM Ëihr idwqf jfvy. ies mksd leI kuJ coxvyN lokF dI rfey leI geI, jo rfj dy vPfdfr sn. iPr vI 220 lokF ny Aus nUM inrdoÈ mMinaf aqy 281 lokF ny mOq dI sËf AuWqy mohr lfeI.

         sukrfq ny ies PYsly nUM pRvfn kIqf aqy Ëihr df bftf Kud pIx dI pyÈkÈ kIqI. sukrfq rfj dIaF shUlqF mfnx ihwq smJOqf kr lYNdf hY qF ieiqhfs ivwc Aus df kdy iËkr qwk nhIN sI hoxf. Ëihr dy ipafly ny Aus nUM amr kr idwqf aqy kr igaf iewk imsfl kfiem swcfeI `qy pihrf dyx dI.

         bVf aOKf huMdf hY hwQIN Ëihr df ipaflf pIxf. pr jdoN koeI AuWcqm avsQf ivwc phuMc jFdf hY, AuQy Ëihr vI aMimRq bx jFdf hY. sukrfq ny ieh aMimRq Cwz ky swcfeI `qy pihrf dyx dI rvfieq nUM amr kr idwqf.

 

ieiqhfs nUM buwkl `c smoeI bYTf biTMzy df iklf

-hrmIq isvIaF

         biTMzy df iklf iewk ieiqhfs nUM afpxI buwkl dy aMdr smoeI bYTf hY. ies ikly dI hËfrF sfl pihlF dI gOrv gfQf hY. 1800 sfl purfxy ies ikly sbMDI kuJ ieiqhfskfr dwsdy hn ik ies nUM pwtI rfAu rfjpUq, jo 279 eI[ ivwc pMjfb df rfjf bixaf, ny dwKxI rfjDfnI vjoN bxfieaf. AudoN ies df nF ibkrmgVH sI. kuJ ieiqhfskfr ies df muwZ rfjf ibnYpfl ny bMinHaf dwsdy hn. 15 eykV ivwc bxy ies ikly dI AucfeI 118 Puwt hY aqy ies dy duafly 36 burj hn. purfxy smyN ikly dy duafly 25 Puwt zUMGI aqy 40 Puwt cOVI KfeI sI, ijs nUM nfl lwgdIaF ndIaF dy pfxI nfl Biraf jFdf sI.

         dwisaf jFdf hY ik 1045 eIsvI ivwc rfjf ivjY rfey dy rfj smyN mihmUd gËnvI ny ies AuWqy kbËf kIqf sI. 1190-91 eIsvI ivwc ikly `qy mMgl rfAu dy kbËy dOrfn muhMmd gOrI ny kbËf kIqf, ijs pfsoN ipRQvI rfj cOhfn ny kbËf kr ky afpxy Brf Bwtf rfE nUM gvrnr bxvfieaf. cOhfn dy hfr jfx `qy 1192 eIsvI ivwc gOrI df mukMml kbËf ho igaf, ijs dI mOq hox dy bfad isMD dy kbfcF dy hwQ ivwc clf igaf. rËIaf sulqfnf bygm 1236 eIsvI ivwc qKq `qy bYTI, ijs rfhIN afpxy afÈk sfeIs XfkUq nUM POjF df mohrI bxf idwqy jfx kfrn guwsy vjoN qurk amIrF ny Aus nUM 1239 ivwc mfr ky rËIaf nUM kYd kr ilaf. awgoN rËIaf ny gvrnr alqUnIaF nfl inkfh kr ky idwlI dy qKq `qy hmlf kIqf, pr 13-10-1240 nUM afpxy hI Brf Èfh bihrfm rfhIN kYQl nyVy gey. 1253 eIsvI ivwc rËIaf dy nfsr-Aud-dIn ny kbËf kr ky Èyr KF nUM gvrnr bxfieaf. iPr kuJ arsf arslfn KF vI gvrnr bixaf, pr 1254 ivwc Pyr syr KF bx igaf. 1267 ivwc ÈihËfdf sulqfn muhMmd nUM gvrnr bxfieaf jo 1285 qwk irhf. ies qoN bfad 1290 qoN 1421 qwk blbfn Kfndfn, qurkF, iKljI, quglk KfndfnF dy bfdÈfhF aqy seIad sulqfnF dy aDIn irhf. 1421 qoN ÈyK slIm vI biTMzf df gvrnr irhf, pr 1430 ivwc gulfm vMÈ df POlfd, qurk bfcf kfbË ho igaf. ies qoN bfad smyN-smyN keI iklydfr bxy aqy bdldy rhy.

         1526 qoN 1540 qwk bfbr, 1540 qoN 1555 qwk aPgfn dy sUrI bfdÈfh aqy 1556 qoN 1706 qwk qYmUr bfdÈfhF aDIn irhf aqy keI vfr ieh iklf suMnf vI irhf. dsvyN pfqÈfh sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny mukqsr dI jMg ijwqx qoN bfad 22-6-1706 ivwc biTMzf vfsIaF nUM ikly aMdr rihMdy iewk kfxy idAu qoN mukq krfAux leI pRvyÈ kIqf. mhfn ieiqhfs nUM isrjx vflf ieh iklf Aus idn qoN qIrQ bx igaf jd ies ikly ivwc sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny afpxy pfvn crn pf ky iewk hPqf invfs rwiKaf. ieh iklf 1753 aqy iPr 1771 ivwc bfbf aflHf isMG pitaflf dy aDIn vI irhf. ies drimafn sfboikaF dy srdfr joD isMG ny vI jbrI kbËf rwiKaf. mhfrfjf krm isMG ny 1843-45 ivwc sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Xfd ivwc gurduafrf sfihb bxvf ky ikly df nF goibMdgVH rwiKaf. ikly dy aMdr bxy ies gurduafrf sfihb dI afpxI hI iewk mhwqqf hY. ikhf jFdf hY ik ies ikly dy aMdr bxy gurduafrf sfihb ivwc lgfqfr 40 idn jfx nfl mn dy mnorQ pUry huMdy hn. ikly dy aMdr Auh purfxf jMz vI mOjUd hY ijs nfl gurU sfihb ny GoVf bMinHaf sI.

         biTMzy df ieh iklf biTMzf dI aDfriÈlf hY. biTMzf dy pRfx hn, biTMzf dI afqmf hY. biTMzf df mfx-siqkfr ikly nfl hY. ieh iklf Bfrq df gOrv hY, pMjfb df mukt hY. ikly dIaF anykF ivÈyÈqfvF kfrn ieh hmyÈf lokF dI iKwc df kyNdr bixaf irhf hY. ikly dy aMdr peIaF qopF, ijhVIaF ik 16vIN sdI ivwc bfbr dy smyN ieQy ilaFdIaF geIaF, vI iKwc df kyNdr hn. biTMzf Èihr dy idl ies ikly dI AucfeI bhuq iËafdf hY. jykr rfq smyN ies dy isKr `qy cVH ky Èihr df nËfrf dyKIey qF ieMj jfpdf hY ik biTMzf dI hr rfq dIvflI dI rfq hY.

         irafsq pitaflf smyN 1940 ivwc sYÈn jwj dI adflq huMdI sI. ieh iklf 20 agsq 1948 qwk irafsq pitaflf df ihwsf irhf aqy awj kyNdr dy purfqqv ivBfg pfs hY. ikly dy do burj 1958 aqy gurduafrf sfihb vflf ihwsf 1988 ivwc Zih gey sn, ijs kfrn gurduafrf sfihb nUM ZukvyN AuWcy QF `qy bxf ky sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI df pRkfÈ krfieaf. ikly dy pRvyÈ duafr `qy 100-100 ikwlF vfly do mËbUq drvfËy hn, ijhVy hfQIaF rfhIN vI nhIN sI tuwtdy. muwK drvfËy dy swjy pfsy bMdIKfnf aqy pihrydfrF leI afhmo-sfhmxy kmry bxy hoey hn. drvfËy dy nfl sMmn burj hY, ijwQy bygm rËIaf sulqfn nUM bMdI bxf ky rwiKaf igaf sI. ikly aMdr hnUMmfngVH qwk surMg jfx dI khfxI vI pRcwlq hY, pr awj ies df koeI vjUd nhIN imldf. kuJ bËurg ‘hfËIrqn’ jfx vflI surMg df vI iËkr krdy hn. ipCly kfPI smyN qoN ikly dI hflq Ksqf rhI hY, pr ikly dy kuJ ihwisaF dI murMmq vI kIqI geI hY. AuNj awj-kwlH dyKx ivwc afieaf ik ikly dI irpyar leI ikqy nf ikqy krMzI KVkdI rihMdI hY, pr iPr vI iewk mhfn ieiqhfs sFBI bYTy ies ikly dI sFB-sMBfl leI pMjfb aqy Bfrq srkfr nUM qurMq iDafn dyxf cfhIdf hY.

 

eydUM qF ipMz hI cMgf! -nirMdr pfl isMG

         ipMzF dI iËMdgI df afpxf hI luqP huMdf ey. myry nfnky aqy dfdikaF df sbMD inrol rUp ivwc ipMzF nfl hY. hflFik myrf dfdkf pirvfr bfad ivwc ÈihrI bx igaf sI aqy myrI pUrI prvirÈ Èihr ivwc hI hoeI, pr nfnky hfly vI ipMz vfsI hI hn. pyNzU siBafcfr, kdrF-kImqF aqy rvfieqF dI mYN idloN kd krdf hF. Kfs qOr `qy ipMzF pRqI afdr-siqkfr hux pihlF nfloN vI vDyry vD igaf ey jdoN mYtro istIË dI iËMdgI nUM ipMzy `qy hMZfieaf.

         iksy smyN KMnf Èihr aYvyN Cotf ijhf lwgxf. vwzy ÈihrF dI iËMdgI nUM mOj vflI igxnf, pr jdoN vwzy ÈihrF df mfhOl dyiKaf qF ieh Eprf ijhf lwgf. jdoN zyZ sfl idwlI aqy noiezf dI iËMdgI dyKI, sfry pMjfb nfl hI moh ijhf pY igaf. myrf afpxy ipMz pRqI ipafr hor vI vD igaf. idwlI awgy qF KMnf Èihr dI aOkfq iksy ipMz qoN vDyry nhIN.

         hmyÈf socxf ik qrwkI, pYsf aqy mOky vwzy ÈihrF ivwc vDyry hn. ieh swc vI hY. pr nfl hI ieh vI ËrUr suixaf sI ik vwzf Èihr vwzIaF muÈklF. sbwb bixaf aqy noiezf siQq pMjfbI dy iewk sQfipq inwjI cYnl qoN ieMtrivAU kfl af geI, jo bfad ivwc idwlI qbdIl ho igaf. kflj df lMgotIaf Xfr mnoj ÈorI noiezf hI iksy kMipAUtr kMpnI ivwc nOkrI krdf sI. Aus dy afsry mYN vI juafien kr ilaf.

         noiezf myrf rihx-sihx myry dPqr dy sfry sfQIaF qoN vDIaf sI. vwzf, KwlHf-zuwlHf aqy hvfdfr PlYt, pr ikrfieaf vI motf sI, jo qnKfh df iewk vwzf ihwsf hryk mhIny iKwc lYNdf. sB qoN muÈkl Biraf kMm sI Gr qoN dPqr aqy dPqr qoN Gr qwk df sPr. lokl bwsF (bilAU lfeIn) svfrIaF nfl quMnIaF peIaF huMdIaF sI. noiezf Gr qoN nvIN idwlI dy nihrU plys ielfky nËdIk siQq EKlf `c cYnl dy dPqr qwk zyZ GMtf lwgdf sI. keI vfr qF sfrf sPr KVy-KVy hI krnf pYNdf. AuproN QwilAuN lfeIn zrfeIvrF dI Kqrnfk zrfeIivMg. kMzktrF dI BwdI aqy afdr rihq bolbfxI, svfrIaF df iewk-iewk rupey ipwCy lVnf aqy Dwkf-muwkI huMdy lokF nUM dyK ky mn kfhlf pYxf.

         AunHIN idnIN myrI nfeIt iÈPt cwl rhI sI. sfrI rfq kMm kr ky svyry awT ku vjy mYN dPqroN qur ipaf. dPqr qoN bws stYNz qwk df koeI 15 imMt df pYdl rsqf sI. stYNz `qy jf ky pqf cwilaf ik awj bilAU lfeIn vfilaF dI hVqfl ey. 12 vjy qwk koeI bws nf afeI. nINd df qoiVaf myrf srIr ihckoly Kf irhf sI. afto irkÈf vfly nUM puwiCaf. jmnf pfr (Bfv noiezf, XU pI df ielfkf) jfx leI pihlf qF koeI mMny hI nf. ijhVf mMndf sI Auh pYsy eyny ku mMg irhf sI ik ijnHF nfl pMjfb af ky muiVaf jf skdf sI. KYr, dupihr dy iewk vjy svfrIaF nfl nwko-nwk BrI iewk vfeIt lfeIn bws afeI aqy myry Xfd `c nhIN ik mYN Aus ivwc ikvyN ciVHaf qy ikvyN Gr puwjf.

         bgYr kuJ KfDy pIqy iqMn ku vjy sON qF igaf, pr ÈfmIN sfZy swq ku vjy myry dPqroN iPr Pon af igaf ik iqafr ho jfh, kYb (dPqr dI kfr), 9 ku vjy lY afAu. ieho ijhy vfikaf qkrIbn QoVHy-QoVHy smyN bfad aksr vfpr jfieaf krdy sI. GroN jfxf kMm `qy aqy kMm qoN vfps Gr prq afAuxf. idn muwk jfxf, pr bwsF df sPr hI nf mwukxf. idn bfad ivwc cVHnf hnyrf pihlF pY jfxf. idnF dI igxqI df Èihr dI rPqfr awgy koeI ihsfb hI nf rihxf. GMtf-GMtf bws, kYb jfm ivwc hI KVI rihxI. ikqy jfx df pRogrfm bxfAuxf qF do GMty df vkPf rwK ky cwlxf.

         noiezf ijwQy rihMdy sI Aus ielfky ivwc qkrIbn hryk hPqy luwt Koh aqy kuwtmfr dI Gtnf vfpr jFdI sI. vyly-kuvyly inklidaF hr bMdf hI ÈwkI ijhf lwgxf. duwK vyly vI AuhI cfr ku sfQI aqy KuÈI vI AunHF nfl hI mnfAuxI. rwb rwb krdy pMjfb prqy.

         jy ikqy ipMz nf hox Èihr Kfs qOr `qy mYtro istIË qF mfnisk ibmfrIaF df Gr bx jfx. keI irÈiqaF dI hoNd hI muwk jfvy. kdrF-kImqF, apxwq aqy moh df vjUd hI nf rhy. pYsf qF kmfieaf jfAU, pr Krcx leI smF nI hoxf. Blf aijhy ÈihrF ivwc rih ky kI krnf. eydUM qF ipMz hI vDIaf. aYvyN qF nI kihMdy ‘jo suwK CwjU dy cubfry, Auh nf blK nf buKfry.’

 nUMh nUM DI ikvyN bxfeIey-zf[ gurcrn isMG aOlK

         Ëmfnf bdl irhf hY. sws nUMh dy irÈqy ivwc vI nvIN hvf rumkx lwgI hY. ieh TIk hY ik swwj ivafhIaF df hr Xuwg ivwc hI sdf mfx snmfn huMdf irhf hY. swsF nUMhf dy isr qoN pfxI vfr ky pINdIaF hn. AunHF dy pYrF hyT qlIaF rwKdIaF rhIaF hn, pr bhuqI vfr ieh rsmF isrP idKfvf hI huMdIaF hn qy Jwt hI mulMHmf lih jFdf hY. nUMh Jwt hI hMj ipafr dI aslIaq smJdI hY qy sws df ‘hIj ipafË’ nMgf icwtf sfhmxy af jFdf hY. gwl gwl `qy rokF, tokf-tfkI, puwq rfhIN mfr kutfeI, qfany imhxy, GroN kwZx qy qlfk dyx dIaF gwlF dI lMmI duwK BrI gfQf ÈurU ho jFdI hY. jy kuJ hor vI hovy qF nUMh AuWqy Kfx-pIx, bihx AuTx, imlx-iglx qy bfhr aMdr jfx `qy ieMnIaF pfbMdIaF lwg jFdIaF hn ik ivcfrI nUMh nUM kihxf pYNdf hY, ‘‘shury kYd kwtI, nf corI nf zfkf.’ ‘

         awj Xuwg bdl igaf hY. lVkIaF qy lVikaF dy pVHn nfl hflfq ivwc kuJ qbdIlI afeI hY, pr Auh qbdIlI ijs dI smfj nUM byhwd ËrUrq hY, Auh ajy bhuq dUr dI gwl hY. ieiqhfs dy pMinaf ivwc kdy-kdy nUrI pRkfÈ df afgmn hoieaf, ies iesqrI dy snmfn dy hwk ivwc afvfË AuTI, pr ieh sB kuJ Aus aMDkfr nUM puMinaf ivwc bdlx ivwc bhuqf sPl nhIN hoieaf. jy ieMj hoieaf huMdf qF smfj ivwc nUMhF dy kqlF, qlfkF, AunHF Aupr qÈwdd dy hr roË ieMny kFz nf hoey huMdy. swc qF ieh hY ik iesqrI hI mrd dy mukfbly kmËor hY, jbr df iÈkfr hY ikAuNik ies nUM ‘Bog’ dI vsqU smiJaf igaf hY. iesqrI DI, nUMh, mF, BUaf, dfdI, nfnI hr pihlU qoN hI ‘ivcfrI’ igxI geI hY, pr jo dUrdÈf ‘nUMh’ dI qy Auh vI iewk iesqrI Bfv ‘sws’ hwQoN huMdI hY, ieh iewk qRfsdI vflI gwl hY-duKdfeI qy hOlnfk vrqfrf hY.

         nUMh nUM DI vFg ipafr ikAuN nhIN imldf? ivcfrn vflI gwl hY ik ies ivwc nUMh df ikMnf ksUr hY qy sws df ikMnf? inmn, mwD qy AuWc vrg Bfv sfrIaF hI ÈRyxIaF ivwc nUMh nUM ijvyN axBol hI jF jfxbuwJ ky sws vloN jF Auhdy pqI vloN jF iPr nnfxF qy shury vloN qsIhy idwqy jFdy hn, Auh smfj ivigafnIaF leI gMBIr Koj qy icMqn df ivÈf hY. prMqU ies sfry mfhOl ivwcoN kMzy cuwg ky PuwlF dI mihk mfxI jf skdI hY. jy pqI pRbuwD qy pqnI dI soc dy hfx df hovy. sws vI afpxy afp nUM iPr Zflx df Xqn krygI qy puwq df rAuN vyK ky Auh Zl jfeygI. suKI nUMh Auho hI rih skdI hY, ijwQy sws mF df rUp Dfr lvy qy pqI afpxI pqnI dy snmfn df rfKf bx ky inqry.

         jy lVkI lVky dI dI psMd hovy qF mF-bfp Kfs kr ky bxn vflI nUMh dI sws Aus nUM pUry mn nfl apxf lvy qF ‘nUMh’ nUM CyqI hI DI vFg ipafr imlygf. jy sws idloN nhIN apxfAuNdI qy iksy nf iksy bhfny nUMh dy nuks CFtdI rhygI, Aus nUM dfj bfry AulHfmy idMdI rhygI qF nUMh df mn sws pRqI Kwtf hovygf. aijhI sws dI BUimkf aijhI hoxI cfhIdI hY ik Auh sB kuJ Buwl Bulf ky afpxy muMzy dI psMd nUM isr awKF `qy ibTfvy. isafxI sws nUMh-puwq dI nyVqf ivwc dIvfr nhIN bxdI, AunHF ivwc Prk nhIN pfAuNdI. jy sws nUMh dy nuksF nUM DI smJ ky nËraMdfË kr dyvy qF ‘nMUh’ nUM shI arQF ivwc mF iml jFdI hY. cMgI sws nUMh dI iDr bxdI hY, vYr nhIN kmfAuNdI. nUMhF nUM sfVn vflIaF swsF cuVylF qy zfiexF hn. ikMnI ivzMbxf hY ik iesqrI hI iesqrI dI duÈmx hY.

          ‘nUMh’ nUM DI df ruqbf qF hI iml skdf hY jy pqI vI afpxI pqnI nUM pUrf mfx siqkfr dyvy. lflcI, kptI, durfcfrI, mIsxf, cuwp zuMn-vwtf pqI afpxI pqnI leI kMzy bIjdf hY. jy pqI ipafr krdf hY qF AuhdI mF vI AuhdI pqnI df afdr krygI. sotI rfxI jo Ksmy mn BfxI. awj dy iekihry pirvfrF ivwc sws nUM nUMh dI ËrUrq qF hY hI, nUMh nUM vI sws mF dI ËrUrq hY ikAuNik nUMh nUM sws dy rUp ivwc afpxy bwicaF dI dyKBfl leI dfdI hr pwKoN nPy df sOdf hY. dfdI poqI-poqry dI sMBfl vI krdI hY, ipafr vI krdI hY qy nUMh vFg hI afpxI aMÈ pRqI iPkrmMd huMdI hY. hux qF kYnyzf, amrIkf vsdIaF nUMhF vI dfdy-dfdI dy mhwqv qoN jfxU ho rhIaF hn qy Auh vqn ivwc bYTy dfdy-dfdI nUM bwicaF dI pflx-poÈx ivwc shfieqf krdIaF hn.

          ‘nMUh’ vI DI bxn ivwc cMgI BUimkf adf kr skdI hY. Auh nOkrI krdI hY jF Gr rihMdI hY, vkq isr AuT ky sws-shury nUM cfh dyvy, qy Gr df kMm-kfj afp sMBfly. jy Auh nOkrI krdI hY qF vI nOkrI `qy jfx qoN pihlF ijhVf kMm Auh afsfnI nfl kr skdI hY, kr ky jfvy. mgroN sfrf sws sMBfl skdI hY, KuÈI KuÈI. nUMh qnKfh ilafvy, sws-shury qoN aÈIrvfd lvy, qnKfh df pYkyt pyÈ kry. sws KuÈI ivwc PwulI nhIN smfeygI. sws df PrË bxdf hY ik iewk ruipaf Èukrfny vjoN lY ky khy-’ DIey, KfE Krco. sfzy pYsy vI quhfzy ny. kmfE qy KfE.’

         sws nUMh ivwc inwky moty mqByd ho skdy hn. ieh mqByd DI qy mF ivwc vI ho skdy hn. nUMh sws nUM mF smJx lwgy qy nUMh nUM sws DI smJy qF sfry msly hI hwl ho skdy hn. Gr df mslf hAUmY qoN ÈurU ho jFdf hY. jy nUMh sws df mfx rwKx leI koeI kMm ÈurU krn qoN pihlF puwC lvy qF sws vI nUMh dI rfey lY lvy qF iksy df kuJ Gwt nhIN jFdf. puafVf AudoN pYNdf hY jdoN koeI iDr dUsrI iDr nUM itwc jfxdI hY qy kih idMdI hY, ‘puwCU myrI juwqI.’ ieh soc hI Kqry dI GMtI hY.

         suBfvF dy Gr, vwKry-vwKry ipCokV QoVHI bhuq smwisaf ËrUr pYdf krdy hn, pr lflc qy hAUmY puafVy dI jVH hn. jy sws-shury qy AunHF df puwq nUMh ‘kfrUM df KËfnf’ smJ ky qMg krdy rihxgy qF nUMh ikvyN DI bx skygI? 80 PIsdI ivafihaF nUM qoVn vflf ieho dYNq hY. dfj dI lflcI sws nUMh nUM ikvyN DI bxf skdf hY? aijhI siQqI ivwc sws df puwq hI dlyrI kr ky mF nUM rok ky, pqnI df sfQ dy ky hflq suDfr skdI hY. nUMh vI sws nUM nOkrfxI smJx dI QF afpxy rFJxy dI mF smJ ky smripq hovy qF nUMh DI bx skdI hY, pr ieh kfrj sOKf nhIN. nYxF ivwc ipafr, bolF ivwc imTfs, idl ivwc afs lY ky koeI vI nUMh sws nUM mF bxf skdI hY qy sws afpxI inrlypqf nfl hAumY qy lflc dy iqafg nfl nUMh nUM DI bxf skdI hY.

 

jy swq ajUby qYa krn df kMm sfzy hwQ-vws hovy qF[[[-amrjIq bwbrI

         qfj mihl dunIaf dy swq ajUibaF ivwcoN iewk hY. ipCly idnIN jy aKbfrF qy mobfeIl Pon nf huMdy qF Èfied qfj dunIaf dy ajUibaF ivwcoN Kfrj ho jFdf. ies leI aKbfrF qy mobfeIl Pon vfilaF df DMnvfd krnf bxdf hY, ijnHF kfrn vrlz ajUbf islYkÈn kmytI qwk Bfrq dI afvfË phuMcI qy qfj ajUibaF dI igxqI ivwc Èfml rih igaf. vYsy Bfrq ivwc qF srkfr dy kMnF qwk hI afvfË phuMc jfvy qF ajUbf huMdf hY.

         qfj nUM swq ajUibaF ivwc Èfml krn vflI vrlz ajUbf kmytI dy ËrIey sfrI dunIaf nUM pqf lwg igaf hY ik BfrqI lok ÈfhjhF dI aiq ipafrI rfxI mumqfj nUM ikMnf ipafr krdy hn aqy Aus df ikMnf siqkfr krdy hn, BfvyN Auh kuwK ivwc mfdf BrUx hwiqaf krn ivwc sB qoN mohrI hn. ies ny dunIaf nUM ieh vI dws idwqf hY ik afpxy mn ivwc dohry mfpdMz rwKx vfly BfrqI lok afpxy ipafr nfloN dUijaF dy ipafr ivwc iËafdf idlcspI rwKdy hn. dUijaF dy ipafr pRqI Auh iËafdf sMvydnÈIl, iËafdf Bfvuk aqy iËafdf Auqyjnf rwKdy hn. dUsiraF dIaF pRym khfxIaF nUM ctkfry lf-lf suxdy qy suxfAuNdy hn. hIr, swsI, sohxI qy ÈIrI dy ikwsy-khfxIaF nUM KuwlH ky gfAuNdy qy pVHdy hn. pr afpxy Gr dI hIr, swsI, sohxI, ÈIrI df glf Guwtdy hn. ieQy qF hflfq aijhy bxy hoey hn ik kbrF ivwc lwqF lmkfeI bYTy buwZy mrd nUM jy pMjfbI dy jlMDr qoN Cpdy aKbfr dy aKIrly pMinaf `qy CpIaF aOrqF dIaF qsvIrF idKf idwqIaF jfx qF Auh vI KuÈk buwlHF `qy jIB PyrnI ÈurU kr idMdf hY. tI vI `qy koeI ipafr khfxI cwldI hovy qF Aus idn drÈkF dy ichry `qy lflI af jFdI hY. hY nf ieh vI iewk ajUbf. Èukr hY, Bfrq dy ies ajUby `qy ajUbf islYkÈn kmytI dI nËr nhIN peI, vrnf qfj nUM iksy ny puwCxf sI aqy ÈfhjhF qy Aus dI bygm mumqfj dI rUh ny ies ivÈfl bRihmMz ivwc Cxkxf vjfAuNdy iPrnf sI.

         Bfrq ivwc qfj qoN ibnF hor vI anykF ajUby hn, pr AunHF df iËkr krn qoN pihlF mIzIaf nUM sfzI bynqI hY ik Auh ienHF ajUibaF nUM dUjy aflqU-PflqU snsnI BrpUr pRogrfmF qy KbrF vFg pUrI snsnI nfl pyÈ krn, qF jo BivwK ivwc jdoN vI dunIaf dy swq ajUibaF bfry iksy kmytI df punrgTn hovy qF Aus ivwc isrP qy isrP Bfrq dy hI swq ajUby dunIaf dy swq ajUibaF ivwc Èfml hox. ies nfl iewk qF Bfrq dI dunIaf ivwc Èfn vwKrI bx jfvygI qy dUjy Bfrq ivwc ivdyÈI sYlfnIaF dI afmd vDygI, ijs nfl dyÈ dI afriQkqf ivwc Ëbrdsq mËbUqI afvygI. ies qrHF sfnUM ivÈv bYNk, kOmFqrI mflI PMz aqy hor ivwqI sMsQfvF awgy TUTy PV ky nhIN KVnf pvygf.

         qfj qoN ibnF ajUbf nMbr dy ieh hY ik ieQy iBRÈtfcfr ivvsQf qMqr ivwc Aupr qoN Qwly qwk mnuwKI srIr ivwc nfVIaF ivwc vg rhy KUn vFg ricaf hoieaf hY. sMqrI qo mMqrI, svIpr qoN sInIar aPsr, ptvfrI qoN izptI kimÈnr aqy ispfhI qoN zI jI pI qwk hr koeI iBRÈtfcfr dy kIVy df zMigaf hoieaf hY. hr vfr coxF smyN iBRÈtfcfr Kqm krn df hr pfrtI vwloN muwdf AuBfiraf jFdf hY qy swqf df kursI `qy bYTidaF sfr hI AuhI iBRÈtfcfr afgUaF `qy BfrU ho jFdf hY. hr ivBfg dI hr kursI `qy ibrfjmfn aiDkfrI qy krmcfrI qoN ielfvf isafsI nyqf afpxy inwjI suafrQF leI aqy pYsy Kfqr pUry dyÈ nUM gihxy rwKx leI iqafr bYTf hY, Èrq ieh hY ik koeI pUrI kImq adf krn vflf hovy.

         ajUbf nMbr iqMn ieh hY ik BfrqI isafsq ivwc ‘Auqr kfto mYN cVHF’ vflI Kyz dy nfl-nfl imkisMg aqy rIimkisMg dI pRikiraf KbrF dy cYnlF vFg cOvI GMty cwldI rihMdI hY, kdy qwkVI kml qy hfQI nUM pliVaF ivwc pf ky qoldI hY, kdy hwQ ivwc qwkVI PVf idwqI jFdI hY, kdy hwQ ivwc sfeIkl PV ky nyqf hfQI dI pUC nfl ltkdy nËr afAuNdy hn. ieQy isafsq dy hmfm ivwc luwcy-luMzy, lwTmfr, guMzy, dlfl, zfkU, kfql smwglr qy mfpIaf srgxy kwpVy AuqfrI aKOqI jn-syvkF nfl glvkVIaF pfAuNdy idKfeI dy rhy hn. isafsI hmfm ivwc imkisMg-rIimkisMg qihq zfkU lok isafsI bx jFdy hn aqy isafsI zfkU df rUp Dfrn kr lYNdy hn. ies qoN vwzf hor ajUbf dunIaf ivwc kI ho skdf hY?

         ajUbf nMbr cfr ieh hY ik ieQy puls kol aYny aiDkfr hn ik Auh iksy nUM vI aprfDI grdfn ky jylH dIaF sIKF ipwCy suwt skdI hY. puls df pUrI qrHF isafsIkrn ho cuwkf hY aqy Auh afpxy isafsI afkfvF dy hukm nfl iksy `qy vI BuwkI, aPIm, blfqkfr jF koeI hor sMgIn iksm df kys drj kr ky nyqf nUM KuÈ kr skdI hY. coxF smyN Auh bUQFy `qy swqfDfrI pfrtI dy nyqfvF dy ieÈfiraF `qy kbËf krvf skdI hY. hwkI mMgF mMnvfAux leI iekwTy hoey mulfËmF dI zMzf pryz kr skdI hY, golIaF clf skdI hY. ies dI Ëubfn aYnI imwTI hY ik iksy nUM vI gflH kwZx df aiDkfr rwKdI hY. kfql nUM pYsy lY ky byksUr qy byksUr nUM kfql bxf skdI hY. kihMdy-khfAuNdy ÈrIP afdmI dI jdoN cfhy byiewËqI kr skdI hY. pr hF, luwcy-lPMigaF qy aprfDIaF dI ieh pUrI kdr krdI hY. jfn-mfl dI rfKI krn vflI puls aYnI ÈrIP hY ik Qfxy afeI aOrq nfl smUihk blfqkfr kr skdI hY. pr isqm ËrIPI ieh hY ik ies iKlfP koeI vI suxvfeI nhIN aqy nf ienHF dI koeI jvfbdyhI hY. iesy leI ieh iksy nUM ihrfsq jF mukfbly ivwc mfr dyx df hwk rwKdI hY. afm lok aksr ies nUM srkfrI srpRsqI pRfpq guMizaF dI sMigaf idMdy hn.

         ajUbf nMbr pMj ieh hY ik ieQy koeI vI ivÈyÈ ivakqI, puls, mfl ivBfg jF iPr iksy isafsqdfn dy aÈIrvfd nfl iksy vI grIb, aYn afr afeI jF ivDvf aOrq dI ËmIn `qy kbËf kr skdf hY. XfnI ËmIn iksy hor dI kbËf iksy hor df. jy koeI ieMzIaf gyt `qy kbËf kr ky stya lY lvy qF Aus nUM qoVnf cIn dI dIvfr qoVn dy brfbr hY. kfnUMnI pRikiraf aYnI guMJldfr qy dyrI vflI hY ik keI pIVHIaF kcihrIaF ivwc hI dm qoV idMdIaF hn. grIb df afpxI hI ËmIn leI dr-b-dr Btkxf vI iewk ajUbf hY.

         ajUbf nMbr Cy ieh hY ik ieQy iewk anpVH afdmI dyÈ df nyqf bx skdf hY qy ijMnf cfhy, JUT bol skdf hY, ijMnf cfhy lokF nUM luwt skdf hY, XfnI ik nyqf bx ky dyÈ dI sMpqI brbfd kr skdf hY. ieQy iewk anpVH afdmI zfktr bx ky lokF dIaF iËMdgIaF nfl Kyz skdf hY. iesy qrHF jfalI izgrIaF dy shfry ieQy mfstr qy pRoPYsr bx ky ividafrQIaF df mfrg-drÈn krnf koeI muÈkl kMm nhIN. dunIaf ies nUM ajUbf kih skdI hY ik gurU-iÈÈ prMprf dy JMzy-brdfr khfAux vfly ies dyÈ ivwc jfalI izgrIDfrI gurUaF dI Gft nhIN hY. ies dy nfl hI gurU afpxy iÈÈ nfl koeI vI hrkq krn dI KuwlH lY skdf hY.

         ajUbf nMbr swq ieh hY ik Bfrq ivwc iksy vI dPqr ivwcoN jfieË-nfjfieË kMm krvfAuxf muÈkl nhIN hY. muÈkl isrP AunHF KVUs lokF nUM afAuNdI hY, jo afpxI jyb ivwc hwQ pfAuxf nhIN jfxdy. nkd-nrfiex dy pRqfp nfl ieQy PfeIlF nUM KMB lwg jFdy hn aqy PfeIlF dy nfl-nfl PfeIl cuwkx vflf vI nwcdf-nËr afAuNdf hY. iewk idn pihlF almfrI ivwc DUV PwkdI PfeIl nkd-nrfiex vyKdy sfr hI sfry kfiedy-kfnUMn Buwl jFdI hY. asMBv kMm gFDI jI dI Poto vyKidaF sfr hI sMBv ho jFdf hY.

         ajUby qF hor vI hn. aYsy-aYsy ajUby hn ik dyKy sfr dunIaf mUMh qy awKF twzI rih jfvy, pr dunIaf ny jdoN ajUibaF dI igxqI swq rwKI hY qF iPr bfkI dy ajUibaF bfry iËkr krnf munfsb nhIN.

 

mnuwKqf qrwkIaF dy rfh AuWpr-govrDn gwbI

         dosqo, ijs idn qoN mnuwKqf hoNd ivwc afeI hY, Aus idn qoN hI ies ny qrwkI krnI ÈurU kr idwqI sI. agFh-vDU soc kr ky hI iensfn pwQr Xuwg qoN ÈurU ho ky afDuink Xuwg qwk phuMicaf hY. awgy vDxf, qrwkI krnf qy afpxy leI suwK-shUlqF df pRbMD krnf mnuwK dI iPqrq ivwc hY. loV kfZ dI mF hY khfvq nUM mnuwK ny KuUb apxfieaf qy hMZfieaf hY. mnuwKqF nUM hoNd ivwc ivwc afieaF lwKF-kroVF sfl ho gey hn. pqf nhIN ikMnI vfrI mnuwKqf ny qrwkI dIaF isKrF nUM Coihaf hY qy ikMnI vfrI ies df ivnfÈ hoieaf hY, pr hr vfr ies ny afpxf punr-AuQfrn kIqf qy qrwkIaF dI tIsI qwk phuMcI hY.

         mOjUdf mnuwKqf, ijs df sfnUM ieiqhfs jf imiQhfs imldf hY, ny ijMnI qIbrqf nfl ipCly lgBg zyZ ku dhfky qoN qrwkI kIqI hY, EnI rPqfr ies qoN pihlF kdy vI not nhIN kIqI geI. vYsy qF sfzy dyÈ ivwc qrwkI sfry hI KyqrF ivwc hoeI hY, pr kuJ ku KyqrF ivwc qF hYrfnIjnk nqIjy sfhmxy afey hn. ienHF ivwc dUr-sMcfr qy dUrdrÈn qknflojI, Kgol ivigafn, ishq qy srIrk ivigafn aqy afvfjfeI afid Kyqr Èfml hn.

         iewk Auh vI Ëmfnf huMdf sI, jdoN ipMzF ivwc iksy dy Gr lwigaf tYlIPon AuhnF dy smfjk ruqby nUM pyÈ krdf sI. ÈihrF ivwc vI ivrly-vFJy Pon huMdy sn. mYnUM Xfd hY ik sMn 1990 ivwc jdoN mYN cMzIgVH qoN pTfnkot nyVy pYNdy afpxy ipMz Pon krnf huMdf sI qF sfrf-sfrf idn lwg jFdf sI. nËdIk dy ipMz iewk sfhF dy Gr svyry Pon kr ky kihxf ik sfzy GroN iksy nUM bulf idAu, mYN Èfm nUM iPr Pon krFgf, pr Èfm nUM lfeInF ivasq rihxIaF. AuDr vflf Pon Krfb ho jfxf. bhuq muÈwkq krn dy bfvjUd bhuqI vfr gwl nhIN sI huMdI. pr hux irkÈf clfAux vfly qoN lY ky smMudrI jhfË clfAux vfly, sbËI vycx vfly qoN lY ky KyqF ivwc hl vfhuMdy iksfn qy pqfl ivwc kMm krdy qoN lY ky bRihmMz ivwc kMm krdy kfimaF kol mobfeIl Pon hn.

         ies ivDI rfhIN hr koeI dUsry nfl juiVaf hoieaf hY. iewk dUsry dy sMprk ivwc rihMdf hY. qusIN iksy imwqr-snyhI nUM ikqy nËdIk bYTy smJ ky Pon imlfAuNdy ho, pr jdoN aglf dwsdf hY ik Auh qF amrIkf dy inafgrf PflË dyK irhf hY qF iewk vfr hwQ ivwc PVI CotI ijhI zwbI mobfeIl sYWt nUM nIJ nfl dyKxf pYNdf hY. hux qF vIizE mobfeIl vI af gey hn, ijs nfl qusIN gwl krn vfly dy nfl Aus dy afly-duafly vfilaF nUM vI hU-b-hU dyK skdy ho.

         pihly simaF ivwc ipMzF ivwc rfsF, rfm lIlf, nftk, zrfmy, iCMjF, lohVI, dIvflI, rwKVI, CotIaF-motIaF pyNzU KyzF, ivafh-ÈfdIaF ivwc nfc-gfxf, KusiraF df nfc, BMzF dI nkl, bfËIgrF dIaF puwTIaF CflF, BrfeIaF df Zol Cxkftf afid sfDn hI lokF dy idl pRcfAux leI huMdy sn. lok iehnF nfl hI afpxf mn bihlfAuNdy sn. iPr pOxI ku sdI pihlF clicwqr (isnymf) hoNd ivwc afieaf. kuJ smF bfad tYlIivËn afieaf. pihlF iewko iewk duUrdrÈn huMdf sI. Èfm nUM kuJ GMitaF leI pRogrfm afAuNdf sI. hPqy ivwc iewk iPlm qy do cfr icwqrhfr. bhuqf smF dUrdrÈn df pRsfrx Krfb rihMdf sI.

         tI vI dI skrIn `qy iehI iliKaf rihMdf sI-rukfvt leI Kyd hY. hux nvyN-nvyN afkfr dy rMgIn tI vI sYWt af gey hn. sYtylfeIt cYnlF dI Brmfr ho geI hY. BFq-BFq dy pRogrfm dyKx nUM imldy hn. afpxI KfhÈ muqfbk pRogrfm iehnF cYnlF rfhIN dyKy jf skdy hn. jy bËurgF leI izskvrI cYnl hY qF bwicaF leI kfrtUnF vflf. sIrIal dyKx leI stfr pls vrgy cYnl hn qF KbrF leI afj qwk vrgy. dunIaf dy iksy vI koxy ivwc ho rhIaF KyzF nUM Gr bYT ky lfeIv dyiKaf jf skdf hY. DrqI dy Aupr, Qwly qy aMdr nfl sMbMDq keI sfry pRogrfm ieh cYnlF vfly idKfAuNdy hn.

         mnuwK ny Aupr vwsdy rwb dy Gr, Bfv vI afkfÈ nUM cwpf-cwpf gfh mfiraf hY. asmfn dI AucfeI mfp leI hY. qfiraF dIaF jVHF lwB leIaF hn. cMn dI ipwT Aupr qF pYr bhuq pihlF Dr ilaf sI. hux keI mMgl vrgy gRih vI lwB ley hn. iehnF Aupr mnuwK bsqIaF vsfAux dIaF skImF bxf irhf hY. sYr spftf kyNdr bxfAux dIaF ivAuNqF GVIaF jf rhIaF hn. ipwCy ijhy iewk pRfprtI zIlr vloN cMn Aupr kuJ plft vycx dIaF KbrF pVHn nUM imlIaF sn.

         pihlF mnuwK iBaMkr ibmfrIaF dI lpyt ivwc af ky afm qOr AuWqy bymOqf hI mrdf rihMdf sI, pr hux ishq qy srIrk ivigafn dy Kyqr ivwc eynI qrwkI hoeI hY ik QoVHy kIqy iensfn nUM mrn nhIN idwqf jFdf. nvIaF qknIkF ny mnuwK dI Aumr vDfeI hY. AuWc drjy dIaF dvfeIaF dI Koj ho cuwkI hY. kYNsr vrgIaF ibmfrIaF `qy kfbU pfieaf jf irhf hY. mnuwK nUM qMdrusq qy ibmfrI-rihq iËMdgI ijAUx dy iËafdf mOky pRdfn kIqy jf rhy hn.

         pihly ËmfinaF ivwc lok sPr pYdl hI pUrf krdy huMdy sn. iPr phIey dy afAux nfl pÈUaF duafrf iKwc ky cwlx vfly gwzy, tFgy qy ryhVy afid afey. kuJ smF pihlF BfP qy iPr eINDx nfl cwlx vfly ieMjx dI kfZ kwZI geI. bwsF qy rylF hoNd ivwc afeIaF. hux afDuink sVkF qy ryl lfeInF df jfl ivC igaf hY. bhu-suivDf vflIaF bwsF af geIaF hn. rfjDfnI qy ÈqfbdI vrgIaF qyË rPqfr nfl cwlx vflIaF gwzIaF af geIaF hn. BFq-BFq dIaF bhuq hI anUTy rMgF dIaF CotIaF qy vwzIaF kfrF bfËfr ivwc af geIaF hn. hux sPr qYa krny suKfvyN qy Gwt smF lAu ho gey hn. bhuq sfrIaF dysI qy ivdyÈI hvfeI jhfË kMpnIaF af geIaF hn. hux idwlI qoN hvfeI jhfË rsqy Auizaf bMdf awT GMty bfad ieMglYNz qy aTfrF GMitaF bfad kYnyzf phuMc jFdf hY. sfrI dunIaf iewk ipMz df rUp Dfrn kr geI hY. dUrIaF Gwt geIaF hn. mhIinaF df sPr idnF ivwc, idnF vflf GMitaF ivwc qy GMitaF vflf imMtF ivwc Kqm hox lwgf hY.

         BfvyN mnuwK ny bhuq qrwkI kr leI hY. suwK-shUlqF vD geIaF hn. ibmfrIaF nUM TwlH pY geI hY, pr mnuwK nUM ikqy nf ikqy ies sB kfsy df muwl vI qfrnf ipaf hY. mnuwKqf ivwc pdfrQvfd viDaf hY. idlF ivwc dUrIaF vDIaf hn. mnuwK KudgrË ho igaf hY. idmfgF `qy dbfa bhuq vwD igaf hY. mfniskqf ibmfr ho geI hY. iekwlqf qy izprYÈn ny mnuwK nUM bhuq kmËor qy buËidl bxf idwqf hY. so, hux hor qwrkIaF dy nfl-nfl mnuwK dI aiDafqmk, mfnisk ÈFqI qy skUn dI qrwkI hoxI vI bhuq ËrUrI hY. nhIN qF iewk idn ieh qrwkI mnuwKqf dy rfh df sB qoN vwzf roVf bx jfvygI. rwb KYr kry! afmIn!

 

GVf vyK nf ilaf tuxkf ky[ [ [-hripMdr rfxf

         GVf, mtkf, qOVf jF iPr kuMB, klfkfr hwQF dI krfmfq, pr imwtI guMn ky iqafr kIqI aijhI klfikRq hY ijs df awj vI sfzy jIvn ivwc aihm sQfn hY. Ëmfnf BfvyN ikMnf vI qrwkI kr igaf jF hor kr jfvy qF vI keI irvfj aijhy rihxgy hI ijwQy GVy dI loV pYNdI rhygI. GVf sfzy lok gIqF, lok bolIaF ivwc vI aihm sQfn rwKdf hoieaf pMjfbI siBafcfr df atuwt aMg hY. pMjfbI lok gfQf sohxI mhINvfl df aihm pfqr ijwQy swcIaF muhwbqF df gvfh bixaf hY AuQy grIbF dI ‘Pirj’ vjoN vI mÈhUr hY.

         ihMdU rsmF anusfr iËMdgI dI smfpqI smyN GVf BMnx vyly kMm ËrUrI afAuNdf hY. GVf afpxI afhUqI dy ky ieh Audfhrx ËrUr idMdf hY ik jIv nfÈvfn hY. mÈhUr gfiek svrgI surjIq ibMdrKIaf dI afvfË ivwc mÈhUr hoieaf gIq ‘vy mYN iqVky GVy df pfxI, kwlH qwk neI rihxf’ ivwc vI GVy dI Audfhrx hI iCx BMgr iËMdgI dI imsfl hY.

         vwK-vwK kMmF leI vrqoN hox kr ky GVy dy nF vI vwK-vwK rwKy gey. jykr pfxI Brn leI vriqaf qF GVf, duwD grm rwKx leI pihlF vriqaf jfx vflf Cotf akfr qoVI, lwsI irVk df kMm ilaf qF KuwlHy mUMh vflf hox kfrn cftI aKvfieaf. aKMz pfT jF sfDfrn pfT smyN rwiKaf igaf qF kuMB aKvfieaf. ihMdU rsm anusfr srkfr smyN ieh GVI aKvfieaf. pr ies dI mfnqf aqy Èfn AuvyN dI AuvyN brkrfr rhI. pihlF pihlF qF aOrqF ivafh smyN GVy `qy dIvy lf ky jfgo bxfAuNdIaF sn, pr mncilaF duafrf gulyl nfl PuMzy jfx `qy huMdI bdÈgnI qoN zr jfgo gfgr `qy bxfeI jx lwgI.

         purfxy smyN `c ieh GVy qRImqF duafrf vwK-vwK dflF-moT, bfjrf, mFh, mUMgI afid sFBx vfsqy vI vrqy jFdy sn aqy ienHF GiVaF nUM pRqIk bxf ky muitafrF afpxIaF swsF nnfxF nUM suxf suxf bolIaF pfAuNdIaF ijvyN-

do GiVaF ivwc moT bfjrf

iewk GVy ivwc cFdI

nI bIbI nnfxy

qUM shury ikAuN nI jFdI.

         qy jF iPr aVb suBfa dI nnfx leI bolI pfAuNdIaF[ [ [

do GiVaF ivwc moT bfjrf

iewk GVy ivwc sgly

nI bIbI nnfxy

qUM lY ley sfzy bdly.

         KUhF qoN pfxI lYx geIaF pyNzU pMjfbI muitafrF ijwd-ijwd ky do-do GVy isr `qy aqy iewk iewk Zfk `qy cukdIaF. anykF bolIaF ies siQqI nUM drsfAuNdIaF hn ijvyN-

lokF dIaF kuVIaF qF

do do GVy cuwkdIaF

myrf GVf ikAuN zoldf nI

myrf mfhI bMgly ivwc boldf nI.

         igwDf pfAuNdIaF kuVIaF dMdF dy Bfr GVf cuwk ky afpxy Ëor aqy iekfgrqf df pRgtfvf vI ieMj krdIaF-

afr gorIey nI iÈMgfr gorIey

GVf cuwk lY dMdF dy bfr gorIey.

         qy jF iPr koeI muitafr pqlI vIxI kfrn GVy df Bfr nf cwuk skx qy dUr KVy gwBrU nUM lok bolI rfhIN afvfË mfrdI hY-

myrI vIxI kmËor

af jfey nf mroV

afeIN afeIN muMizaf

GVf cuwikaf nf jfey

vy cukfeIN muMizaf.

         awgoN pMjfbI gwBrU vI siBafcfrk rMgx ivwc hI idl dy zr nUM pRgt kr bYTdf hY-

qyrI vyK ky jvfnI, ho jfey nf ÈYqfnI

Pyr afKyNgI, jwtF df muMzf mfVf kuVIey

GVf cuwk lY qUM mfr ky hulfrf kuVIey.

         Èfied burËI Ehly ipaf GVf cuwkdI muitafr nUM afpxy afp `qy ivÈvfs nhIN huMdf, pr iPr vI idRV hOslf kr ky GVf cuwk ky zoldy mn nfl KuÈ huMdI hY.

Coly Coly Coly

GVf mYN Auh cuwkxf

ijhVf ipaf burjI dy Ehly

GVf mYN cwk vI ilaf

myrf mn cMdrI df zolo

nfl bdfmF dy

ibskut lwgdy poly.

         GVy df pRqIk vrq ky muitafr afpxy bhfnybfË idlbr nUM imwTf ijhf imhxf vI idMdI hY ijvyN-

GVf, GVy qy mwGI vy Ëflmf

idl ivwc rwKdY TwgI vy Ëflmf

         sfzI mhfn ipafrf gfQf sohxI mhINvfl ivwc sohxI df GVy `qy Jnf diraf pfr krnf rihMdI dunIaf qwk Xfd rhygf aqy GVf ipafr dy pfqr vjoN vI jfixaf jfvygf. mhINvfl dy ipafr `c rMgI sohxI dI nnfx ny Aus df pwkf GVf vtf ky kwcf rwK idwqf sI, pr Auh ieÈk pujfrn kwcf GVf lY ky hI diraf ivwc iTwlH peI. kwcy GVy awgy pwkf isdk nhIN hfiraf aqy ieh ipafr pfqr hI afKr nUM ipafr df aMq ho inbiVaf. ies smyN aqy siQqI nUM ibafn krdy anykF gIq sfzy pMjfbI siBafcfr dI JolI `c pey sfh lY rhy hn. zuwbdI hoeI sohxI GVy dIaF imMnqF krdI nUM drsfAuNdy gIq bhuq hn. GVy nUM AulFBy idMdI sohxI dy vYrfgmeI gIq bhuq hn-

mYnUM pfr lMGf dy GiVaf

imMnqF qyrIaF krdI.

         qy ieh hor nmUnf[[[

iewk pfsy jwg dUjy pfsy Xfr vy

GiVaf JnF qoN mYnUM lf dy pfr vy.

         qy jF iPr vkq qoN KuMJI hoxI sohxI dy ivrlfp nUM pyÈ krdf gIq hY-

GVf vyK nf ilaf mYN tuxkf ky

vrqoN mYN KuMJ geI.

         pr kwicaF shfry pwkIaF pRIqF afKr Jnfr dI afgoÈ `c smf geIaF aqy ipafr pfqr GVf ivcfrf byksUr huMidaF vI klMikq ho inbiVaf.

         GVf iksy smyN sfË vjoN vI vriqaf jFdf sI. so GVy df iËkr lok sfËF ivwc vI afAuNdf rhygf-

GVf vwjdf, GVolI vwjdI

ikqy gfgr vwjdI sux muMizaf.

         lok gIq gfAux vyly vjfey GVy dI afvfË iewk vfr qF mdhoÈ ijhf kr idMdI sI. GVy dI vwKI qy toly mfr ky aqy iPr GVy dy mUMh `qy BrvF DwPf mfr ky vjfeI jFdI DMun bhuq ipafrI lwgdI sI.

         GVy dI Audfhrx qF sfzI gurbfxI ivwc vI afAuNdI hY. GVy aqy pfxI dy irÈqy nUM gurU aqy igafn nfl myilaf ijvyN-

kuMBy bwDf jl rhY

jl ibn kuMB nf hoie

igafn kf bMDf mn rhY

gur ibn igafn n hoie.

         BfvyN KUh qoN pfxI Br ky GVf isr `qy cuwkI afAuNdI muitafr aqy GVy `qy syvIaF vwtdIaF muitafrF BfvyN ÈihrIaF dy qswvur `c hI rih geIaF hn, pr sfzy keI ipMz hfly vI aijhy hn ijQy vftr vrks dI shUlq nhIN hY. AuQy dUroN iksy nlky qoN GiVaF nfl pfxI BrdIaF kuVIaF, buVIaF ËrUr nËr afAuNdIafF hI hn qF ieMj lwgdf ijvyN ik koeI hor gIq GVy bfry ricaf jf skygf-

sux GiVaf vy aiVaf,

qYnUM zfky mYN cF nI aF

swjxF nUM ipafr lwgI

jf ky pfxI iplfnI aF.

 

Bfrq ivwc AucyrI iswiKaf-zf tI afr Èrmf

         inrsMdyh Bfrq ivwc AucyrI iswiKaf dI prMprf bVI purfxI hY. dunIaf dI sB qoN purfxI XUnIvristI ijs ny ivÈv Br dy ividafrQIaF nUM bhu-pwKI igafn 1400 sflF qwk lgfqfr idwqf. arQfq tYkslf XUnIvristI Bfrq ivwc hI siQq sI. awj qoN 3000 sfl pihlF vI ies XUnIvristI ivwc hornF keI korsF dy nfl-nfl zfktrI aqy ieMjInIairMg dI vI iswiKaf idwqI jFdI sI. arQ Èfsqr df pRiswD ilKfrI cfxikaf iesy XUnIvristI dI Aupj sI. tYkslf qoN ielfvf nflMdf, vYÈflI, nfdIaf afid XUnIvristIaF vI hr pwKoN Aunq sn. ienHF sfrIaF XUnIvristIaF ivwc ivÈfl pusqfly aqy pRXogÈflfvF df pRbMD sI, pr ivdyÈI hmilaF ivwc hI ieh XUnIvristIaF qbfh ho geIaF, bKqOr iKljI ny nflMdf XUnIvristI dy 30,000 dy krIb tIcrF aqy ividafrQI df kql kIqf sI, iqMn-iqMn mMËlF dIaF iqMn vwzmuwlIaF lfiebryrIaF nUMy vI Aus ny awg lgfeI sI.

         afDuink kfl ivwc XUnIvristI iswiKaf df afgfË 1857 ivwc hoieaf. jdoN vyly dI ibRitÈ srkfr ny 1854 dI vwuzË izspYc dI isPfrÈ nUM aml ivwc ilafAuNidaF 3 XUnIvristIaF mdrfs, bMbeI aqy klkwqy ivwc sQfpq kIqIafF. ieh iqMno XUnIvristIaF lMzn XUnIvristI dy mfzl anusfr hI bxfeIaF geIaF sn. 1857 qoN 1920 qwk 63 virHaF ivwc XUnIvristIaF dI sMiKaf kyvl 3 qoN 5 qwk hI vDfeI geI. jdoN Bfrq afËfd hoieaf Aus vyly dyÈ ivwc kyvl 20 XUnIvristIaF sn. 1948 dI zfktr rfDfikRÈn XUnIvristI iswiKaf kimÈn dIaF isPfrÈF nUM aml ivwc ilaf ky Bfrq srkfr ny XUnIvristI iswiKaf df kfhlf ivsqfr kIqf.

         1950 ivwc kyvl 20 XUnIvristIaF sn, ies vyly Bfrq ivwc 306 XUnIvristIaF hn ijnHF ivwcoN 18 sYNtrl XUnIvristIaF qy bfkI dIaF styt XUnIvristIaF hn. sMn 1950 ivwc kyvl 500 kflj sn ies vyly iBMn-iBMn iksm dy 20,000 kflj hn. sMn 1950 ivwc kyvl 70,000 ividafrQI AucyrI iswiKaf pRfpq kr rhy sn. ies vyly 94 lwK bwcy AucyrI iswiKaf ivwc hn. ienHF 306 XUnIvristIaF qoN ielfvf 110 dy krIb zImz XUnIvristIaF hn aqy 13 pRfeIvyt XUnIvristIaF hn. Bfrq dI AucyrI iswiKaf dy ivsqfr vfsqy aqy afpxI ivwqI aOkV dy smfDfn dy mnorQ nfl ivdyÈI XUnIvristIaF ny vI afpxy afrËI ijhy 131 kyNdr Bfrq ivwc KolHy hoey hn, ivdyÈI XUnIvristIaF keI BfrqI XUnIvristIaF nfl smJOqf shIbMd kr rhIaF hn.

         BfrqI XUnIvristI dIaF iqMn smwisafvF gMBIr iksm dIaF hn. pihlI smwisaf hY ik BfrqI kfljF aqy XUnIvristIaF ivwc loV anusfr sfjo smfn arQfq lYbË aqy BrpUr pusqkfilaF dI Gft hY. Bfrq dI srkfr AucyrI iswiKaf aqy kuwl GrylU Auqpfdn df kyvl 0[37% Krc krdI hY jdoN ik amrIkf aqy XU ky ivwc ieh Krcf 1[07% aqy 0[8% hY. XU jI sI vI 306 XUnIvristIaF ivwcoN kyvl 167 XUnIvristIaF nUM gRFt idMdI hY. styt XUnIvristIaF vI sihjy sihjy gRFtF GtfeI jFdIaF hn. dUjI smwisaf ieh hY ik ZuwkvIN tIicMg PYkltI vI XUnIvristIaF kol nhIN hY. hËfrF tIcr afsfmIaF nfl jF aqy XUnIvristIaF ivwc KflI peIaF hn. ies leI tIicMg aqy irsrc dovF dy imafr igr rhy hn.

         ies qoN vI vwzI smwisaf ieh hY ik XUnIvristI iswiKaf dy imafr bhuq qyËI nfl igrdy vyK ky nvIaF nvIaF XUnIvristIaF ibnF ZuwkvIN iqafrI qoN KolHIaF jf rhIaF hn. imafrI iswiKaf Bfrq ivwc nf imlx kr ky 1,80,000 ividafrQI ivdyÈF ivwc Kfs kr ky amrIkf ivwc pVHn jFdy hn. ies qrHF Bfrq df qkrIbn 4 arb zflr pYsf vI bfhr jFdf hY. 4 arb zflr df iswDf arQ hY 160 arb rupey. ies smwisaf df hwl kyvl BfrqI XUnIvristIaF df imafr AuWcf krnf hY. XU jI sI dI afpxI hI tIm ny Koj afDfrq irport pyÈ kridaF ikhf hY ik Bfrq ivwc 90% kflj qy 68% XUnIvristIaF sbstYNzrz iswiKaf dy rhIaF hn.

         iewk hor vwzI smwisaf ieh hY ik BfrqI XUnIvristIaF ivwc 17-24 sfl Aumr jut dI vsoN ivwcoN kyvl 7[2% bwcy hI AucyrI iswiKaf lY rhy hn, jdoN ik AuWnq dyÈF ivwc ieh pRqIÈq 55 qoN 80% hY. imsfl vjoN amrIkf aqy afstrylIaf df ieh aMkVf 80%, kYnyzf df 88% hY, iPnlYNz df 74% hY, XU ky df 54% hY. sfry XUrpI dyÈF ivwc 17-24 sflF dy qkrIbn 40-45% bwcy AucyrI iswiKaf lY rhy hn. sfzI pRqIÈq 7[2 bhuq nIvIN hY.

         sfzy dyÈ ivwc XUnIvristIaF dI sMiKaf vsoN nUM dyKidaF bhuq Gwt hY. XU aYs, XU ky, jfpfn afid dyÈF ivwc 1 kroV vsoN leI 70 XUnIvristIaF hn. ies hsfb nfl Bfrq ivwc 7000 XUnIvristIaF dI loV hY.

         nfilj kimÈn dy cyarmYn zfktr sYm iptrozf df suJfE hY ik 7[2% nUM vDf ky dfKilaF dI sMiKaf Gwt qoN Gwt 15% ËrUr krn df tIcf 11vIN pMj sflf Xojnf ivwc imQxf cfhIdf hY. kyNdr srkfr 11vIN Xojnf ivwc AucyrI iswiKaf dy pRsfr dI idÈf ivwc hyT ilKy anusfr kdm cuwk rhI hY-11vIN Xojnf dy dOrfn 30 kyNdrI XUnIvristIaF sQfpq kIqIaF jf rhIaF hn. hryk styt ivwc iewk sYNtrl XUnIvristI KolHI jf rhI hY. pMjfb ivwc ieh XUnIvristI biTMzf ivKy KolHI jfvygI. Bfrq dy vwK-vwK rfjF ivwc 370 aiq Auqm imafrF dy kflj sQfpq kIqy jf rhy hn. 5 ivigafn dy sMsQfn, 8 afeI afeI tIË, 7 afeI afeI aYm 20 sUcnf qknflojI aiDafpn kyNdr sQfpq kIqy jf rhy hn. 20,000 sucwjqf sMsQfvF vI sQfpq kIqIaF jf rhIaF hn.

         ienHF sfrIaF sMsQfvF vfsqy 11vIN Xojnf ivwc 130,000 arQfq iewk lwK 30 hËfr kroV rupey df pRfvDfn bjt ivwc kIqf igaf hY. ies plYn df ividak bjt 34% vDfieaf jf irhf hY.

         srkfr pRfeIvyt XUnIvristIaF KolHx df aqy ivdyÈI XUnIvristIaF nUM afpxy kYNps sQfpq krn sbMDI ibwl sMsd ivwc jldI hI pyÈ krn vflI hY. sfzy dyÈ ivwc ajy 13 pRfeIvyt XUnIvristIaF hn, jdoN ik ivdyÈF ivwc pRfeIvyt XUnIvristIaF dI sMiKaf bhuq vwzI hY. jfpfn ivwc 512, XU aYs ivwc 1752 pRfeIvyt XUnIvristIaF hn, iPlpfeInË ivwc qF 80% XUnIvristIaF pRfeIvyt hn. pMjfb ivwc lvlI pRoPYÈnl XUnIvristI pRfeIvyt hY. pMjfb srkfr ny pRfeIvyt XUnIvristI ibwl df msOdf iqafr kr ilaf hY, ieh ibwl jldI hI kfnUMn dI QF lY lvygf.

         BfrqI XUnIvristIaF dy imafr ieMny nIvyN hn ik ÈMGfeI ijafidAu tFg XUnIvristI vloN sMsfr dIaF isKrlIaF 100 XUnIvristIaF ivwc bfrq dI iewk vI XUnIvristI QF pRfpq nhIN kr skI, hF 200 isKrlIaF XUnIvristIaF ivwc jvfhr lfl nihrU eyÈIaf dIaF 200 isKrlIaF XUnIvristIaF ivwc Bfrq dIaF iqMn XUnIvristIaF jF sMsQfvF-1 klkwqf XUnIvristI, 2 sfieMs ieMstIicAUt bMglOr qy afeI tI afeI KVgvfslf ËrUr Èfml hn.

         BfrqI XUnIvristIaF df durBfg hY ik qkrIbn sfrIaF XUnIvristIaF ivwc isafsI mdfKlq aiq drjy dI hY. vI sI dI inXukqI qoN lY ky cpVfsI dI inXukqI qwk vI ibnF isafsI isPfrÈ qoN hoxI asMBv hY. ikqfbF, islybs afid dy PYsly vI isafsI afkf kI krdy hn. kOx dfKl hovy qy ikMnf icr pVHy, ikMny nMbr lvy afid df PYslf vI isafsI ÈkqIaF hI krdIaF hn, koeI-koeI XUnIvristI hI isafsI mdfKlq qoN mukq hY.

         stYNzrz cMgy krn leI XU jI sI ny keI kdm cuwky hn ijvyN nYWt pRIiKaf df pfs krnf lYkcrfrF leI ËrUrI kr idwqf igaf hY, tIcrF leI irPrYÈr korsF nUM vI lfËmI bxfieaf igaf hY, XUnIvristIaF ivwc akfdimk kfljF dI sQfpnf kIqI geI hY. nYWk vloN kfljF aqy XUnIvristIaF df drjfkrn kIqfjFdf hY. Aucyry aiDaYn dy kyNdr sQfpq kIqy gey hn, irsrc pRojYkts vfsqy BfrI ivwqI grFtF idwqIaF jFdIaF hn, GrylU mulFkx, gryizMg qy sImYstr pRxflIaF ÈurU kIqIaF geIaF hn qy pRoPYÈnl qy post gRYjUeyt korsF leI dfKlf tYst ÈurU kIqy gey hn. hux tIcrF dI qnKfh ivwc 74% df vfDf krn df vI pRsqfv hY. pRÈfsn aqy tIcf muKI bxfAux df vI pRsqfv hY, keI XUnIvristIaF ivwc tIcrF df mulFkx ividafrQIaF qoN krfAux df pRfvDfn hY.

         iewk ËrUrI nukqf ieh hY ik AucyrI iswiKaf ivwc pyNzU bwicaF dI BfgIdfrI kyvl 4[02% hY. pMjfbI XUnIvristI dI Koj (irport 2007) Ëfhr hY. AucyrI iswiKaf ivwc ÈihrI vsoN dI BfgIdfrI 96% hY jdoN ik dyÈ ivwc ÈihrI vsoN kyvl 35% dy hI krIb hY. ies df kfrn ieh hY ik pyNzU ielfikaF ivwc ÈihrI ielfikaF vrgy vDIaf skUl nhIN hn, dUjy ÈbdF ivwc AucyrI iswiKaf df afDfr (arQfq skUl iswiKaf) mËbUq nhIN hY. ieh ksUr rfj srkfrF df hY, pRfiemrI iswiKaf dI hflq bhuq Ksqf hY. zyZ lwK pRfiemrI skUlF ivwc qF iewk-iewk tIcr hI 5-5 jmfqF pVHf irhf hY, 70-75% skUlF ivwc nf ZukvIN mfqrf ivwc sfjo smfn hY, nf tIcr hn. ieh vI qwQ hY ik 14[4% bwcy qF pihlI jmfq ivwc hI skUl Cwz jFdy hn, 25% pMjvIN qwk nhIN awpVdy, 53% awTvIN qwk nhIN phuMcdy. dUjy ÈbdF ivwc awDf ihMdusqfn qF 8 jmfqF vI nhIN pVHdf, dsvIN qwk zrfp afAUt dr 70% df aMkVf pfr kr jFdf hY.

 

 

 

dfK df guwCf huMdf hY jvfeI-rfjvMq kOr pMjfbI (zf[)

         sRI gurU rfm dfs jI df mhFvfk hY ‘iks hI DVf kIaf kuVm sky nfl jvfeI’ . arQfq iksy ny imwqr, puwqr jF BfeI aqy iksy ny afpxy sky sbMDI jF jvfeI nfl sbMD joiVaf hoieaf hY[[[ pr sfzf sbMD qF Aus pRmfqmf nfl hY jo Gwt Gwt ivwc smfieaf hoieaf hY. jvfeI DI dy pqI nUM kihMdy hn. pMjfb ivwc jvfeI vfsqy juafeI, jvfqrf jF pRfhuxf Èbd vI vrq ley jFdy hn. sfzy smfj ivwc sws-nUMh df irÈqf afm qOr `qy imTfs Biraf mMinaf igaf hY, pr sws-jvfeI df irÈqf Enf hI siqkfrq BfvnfvF df pUrk hY. aijhIaF BfvnfvF dy qihq hI jvfeI BfvyN ikMnI vI Aumr df ikAuN nf ho jfvy, Aus dy shuiraF vloN Aumr Br Aus df pUrf mfx-siqkfr kIqf jFdf hY. sws-shury qoN lY ky pirvfr dy sfry mYNbr hI jvfeI-BfeI dI syvf leI hfËr rihMdy hn. iewk pirvfr vloN ijs qrHF iksy dUjy pirvfr dI DI nUM nUMh bxfieaf jFdf hY, Ausy qrHF iksy dUjy pirvfr dy puwq nUM jvfeI bxfieaf jFdf hY.

         bfl ivafh dy Xuwg ivwc DI-puwq nUM CotI Aumry ivafh idwqf jFdf sI. muklfvy dI rsm AuprMq hI joVI ivhfrk qOr `qy shury Gr afAuxf-jfxf ÈurU krdI sI. bhuqI vwzI Aumr nf hox kr ky dovyN jxy afpo-afpxy shury pirvfr nfl rc-imc jFdy sn. Gr afey jvfeI dI Qkfvt Auqfrn leI sfry pirvfr dI suwK-sFd puwCx AuprMq sws vloN Aus nUM grmf-grm duwD df CMnf Br ky idwqf jFdf sI. hflFik ipMz ivwc svfxIaF rotI bxfAuNdy smyN kuJ aMn PflqU pkf ky rwKdIaF sn, qF iksy pRfhuxy dy afAux dI sUrq ivwc Aus nUM jldI Bojn Ckfieaf jf sky jF bwicaF nUM vI jdoN BuwK lwgy. Auh loV anusfr rotI Kf skx iPr vI iewk sws afpxy jvfeI nUM kdy pihlF bxI peI rotI nhIN KvfAuNdI. jdoN bfl ivafhF df dOr sI AudoN swsF afpxy jvfeIaF nUM afpxy bflF vFg sfbx nfl ml-ml ky nvHfAuNdIaF sn, qF ik Aus df jvfeI sB qoN sohxf lwgy.

suwK sFd qF puwCI sws ny,

afdr nfl bhfieaf.

duwD df idMdI CMnf Br ky,

Pulkf qurq bxfieaf.

sws nUM huMdy juafeI ipafry,

sfbx nfl nvHfieaf.

Gr Gr dwsdI iPry,

myrf juafeI afieaf.

         BfvyN pMjfbI mihmfn invfËI leI sfry sMsfr ivwc mÈhUr hn, pr jvfeI dy afAux dI Kbr imlidaF hI sws Aus dI KfqrdfrI leI iqafrIaF ÈurU kr idMdI hY ijQy Aus dI afAuBgq leI Auh vwK-vwK pRkfr dy pkvfn bxfAuNdI hY, AuQy Aus dy afrfm leI pytI ivwc sFBy, nvyN jF sfP suQry ibsqry kwZ ky mMjy `qy ivCfAuNdI hY. ies gwl dI gvfhI leI iksy muitafr vloN Aus dy jËibaF dI qrËmfnI krdI ieh bolI suxI jf skdI hY-

bfp myry ny mihl pvfieaf, Auqy cubfrf pfieaf

ivwc cubfry mMjf zfihaf, korf Kys ivCfieaf

nI cOdvIN dy cMn vrgf, myry bfp df jvfeI Gr afieaf.

         shury Gr suwK Bogx vflI muitafr afpxy mfipaF dy jvfeI dI isPq krnoN nhIN rihMdI-

nI hrf poxf, nI Kwtf poxf

myry bfp df jvfeI nI bVf sohxf.

         iksy vI sws nUM afpxf jvfeI ikMnf ku ipafrf ho skdf hY, ies dIaF imsflF pMjfbI lok sfihq ivwc vI imldIaF hn. buJfrqF, aKfxF jF smUihk isafxpF nfl sbMDq totikaF ivwc ies irÈqy df iËkr imldf hY. jvfeI Aus dy aMgF-sfkF ivwcoN nf ho ky Zfk iKzfeI DI df sfk huMdf hY, jo Aus nUM dfK dy guwCy vFg ipafrf lwgdf hY-

pIVHy `qy bTyNdIey, plMG bTyNdf qyrf kI lwgdf?

aMgoN nI, sfko nI, sfk myrI Zfk df,

mYnUM ipafrf ieAuN lwgy, ijvyN guwCf dfK df.

         mfpy afpxI DI nUM suXog vr dy lV lfAuNdy hn. jy AunHF dI DI df koeI ÈOk aDUrf rih jfvy qy DI AunHF nUM imhxf mfr dyvy qF mfipaF df pRiqAuqr huMdf hY, ‘ipAu df jvfeI inMd ky, ikwQy dyvyNgI cMdrIey lyKf.’

         afm kr ky jvfeI shury Gr jfxf Gwt hI cMgf smJdy hn ik roË-roË shury Gr nfl jvfeI dI iewËq nhIN rihMdI. aijhy irÈqydfrF bfry pMjfbI lok-mn ny kuJ sKq ÈbdF ivwc aKfx GV Cwizaf hY ijhVy keI-keI idn irÈqydfrIaF ivwc jf bihMdy hn, ijs nUM pMjfbI smfj pRvfngI nhIN idMdf. msln ‘BYx Gr BfeI kuwqf, shury Gr jvfeI kuwqf’. jvfeI AudoN hI shury jFdy hn jdoN afpxI pqnI nUM Aus dy pyky Cwzx jF lYx jfxf hovy. shury Gr dy iksy duwK-suwK ivwc Èfml hoxf vI Aus dI iPqrq df ihwsf hY jy DI shury hY qF jvfeI afpxy shury nhIN jFdf. iesy Bfvnf nUM sfkfr krdI pMjfb ivwc jvfeIaF bfry ieh aKOq vI pRiswD rhI hY, ‘DI pyky, jvfeI inwq mwQf tyky’, ‘DI shury, jvfeI dy vI nf bhuVy.’ iPr vI imlxsfr aqy cMgy jvfeI Aus smyN vI afpxy shuiraF dI sfr lYNdy rihMdy hn jdoN AunHF dIaF GrvflIaF pyky nhIN geIaF huMdIaF.

         pMjfbI pirvfr ijwQy jvfeI dy siqkfr ivwc afpxIaF awKF ivCf idMdf hY, AuQy jvfeI dy iksy irÈqydfr dy afAux `qy vI hwQIN CfvF krdf hY. kdy kdfeIN shury afAux vfly jvfeI Bfv pRfhuxy dy iksy irÈqydfr dy afAux dI sUrq ivwc lok mn vloN Aus dy afdr siqkfr vjoN ieh aKOq vrqI jFdI hY, ‘jvfeI qF inq, jvfeI df BfeI ikq.’

         sws-jvfeI df irÈqf bVf inwGf aqy ipafr Biraf mMinaf igaf hY, pr iksy vI jvfeI nUM afpxI sws vloN ipafr-siqkfr pfAux leI cMgy guxF df DfrnI ËrUr bxnf pYNdf hY. jy jvfeI nÈeI, loBI, mwkfr jF nYiqk kdrF-kImqF dI pflxf qy irÈiqaF df drjf-b-drjf siqkfr nf krn vflf hovy qF irÈiqaF ivwc drfV vI pY jFdI hY.

         BfvyN DIaF prdysxF huMdIaF hn, pr AunHF mfvF dy ijgry Dn huMdy hn ijhVIaF DIaF nUM jnm dy ky ieh rMglf sMsfr AunHF nUM idKfAuNdIaF hn. BrUx hwiqaf dy ies Xuwg ivwc ijhVI mfvF afpxIaF DIaF nUM kuwKF ivwc kql krf rhIaF hn, Auh ijwQy DI dy ipafr qoN ivrvIaF rih jfxgIaF, AuQy jvfeI dy ies ipafr-siqkfry irÈqy df inwG mfxn qoN vI AUxIaF rih jfxgIaF ikAuNik ijnHF dy Gr bytIaF hI nhIN AunHF nUM jvfeIaF dI kI kdr ho skdI hY? bkOl vfirs Èfh-

vfirs Èfh nf bytIaF ijnHF jfeIaF

Auh kI jfxdy kdr jvfeIaF dI!

 

mslf pMjfbI BfÈf dy ivkfs df-tI afr ivnod

         iswKx Xogqf AuWnI-iewkI dy Prk nfl qF sfry mnuwKF ivwc hI jmFdrU huMdI hY, pr ieh Xogqf smfjI pOx-pfxI aqy Bojn dI pRfpqI nfl mOldI, PuwldI aqy PldI hY. pMjfbI BfÈf AuWqy vI ieh asUl lfgU huMdf hY ijnHF pMjfbIaF nUM skUl df mUuMh qwk dyKxf nsIb nhIN huMdf Auh vI afpxy smfj mfhOl ivwcoN afpxI mfq BfÈf afp muhfry gRihx krdy aqy vrqdy cly jFdy hn. ies nUM asIN ivhfr BfÈf afKdy hF ijs dI sMcfr ÈkqI nfl pMjfbI afpxf inwq idhfVI df kfr-ivhfr asfnI nfl pUrf krdy rihMdy hn BfvyN pVHn aqy ilKx dI iswiKaf leI iswiKaf sMsQf df hI shfrf lYxf pYNdf hY.

         sfihq BfÈf, BfÈf dI dUsrI vMngI hY, pMjfbI ivwc ipCly 1000 virHaF qoN ijhVf sfihq ricaf jFdf irhf hY, Auh bVy AuWcy drjy df hY. gurU gRMQ sfihb ivwc drj kvIaF dI mhfn rcnf BfeI kfnH isMG nfBf ricq mhfn koÈ aqy mrhUm pRo[ pRIqm isMG df pMjfbI lyKk koÈ ies dIaF pRmfixq imsflF hn.

         BfÈf dI iewk hor vMngI adflqF aqy mihkimaF ivwc vrqy jfx vflI BfÈf hY. adflqF aqy mihkimaF ivwc hox vflf kMm kfj bhuq kr ky afm jnqf nUM inwq pYNdy srkfrI mfmilaF df hY. ienHF mfmilaF nUM inptfAux leI keI iksmF dy mihkmy aqy adflqF bxIaF hoeIaF hn, pr siQqI df ivaMg ieh hY ik inrfKr jnqf dy mfmilaF dy inptfry leI vI aMgryËI BfÈf dI hI vrqoN kIqI jFdI hY. ieh BfÈf nf qF pIVqF dy pwly pYNdI hY aqy nf hI pIVqF nUM smJ afAuNdI hY. jwj aqy vkIl aMgryËI ivwc ijhVI crcf krdy hn Auh AunHF qwk hI mihdUd ho ky rih jFdI hY. PYsly vI aMgryËI ivwc ilKy jFdy hn ijnHF nUM smJx leI sfielF nUM muV vkIlF, AunHF dy munÈI-muswdIaF jF stYno-tfeIipstF dIaF imMnqF KuÈfmdF krnIaF pYNdIaF hn aqy bhuq vfrI qF afpxI jyb vI hOlI krnI pYNdI hY. aMgryËI dy smrQk dlIl idMdy hn ik Bfrq ivwc brqfnvI sfmrfj duafrf lfgU kIqf igaf kfnUMn aMgryËI ivwc hI hY. ies dI ÈuwD vrqoN aMgryËI ivwc hI sMBv hY. so kfnUMnI BfÈf aMgryËI ivwc hI sUq bYTdI hY.

         ies dlIl dy ipwCy luwkvIN aslIaq ieh hY ik kfnUMn dy mfihrF nUM afm lokF dI BfÈf ivwc gwlF kridaF Èrm mihsUs huMdI hY. dUsrI sfmrfjI dfsqF AunHF dy mnF ivwc Gr krI bYTI hY. qIsry sfDfrn jnqf nfloN afpxI kursI nUM AuWcf rwKx leI aqy AunHF AuWqy afpxI jfxkfrI df byloVf roab pfAux leI Auh aMgryËI dI vrqoN krdy hn. iswtf ieh inkldf hY ik jnqf df hIxqf Bfv hor pkyrf huMdf jFdf hY aqy kursI df kwd Ausy insbq ivwc Aucyrf huMdf jFdf hY.

         kfnUMn nUM aqy kfnUMnI kfrivhfr nUM pMjfbI ivwc AulQfAux df mwudf keI vfr ivcfiraf igaf hY. BfÈf ivBfg vrgy adfiraF ny pMjfbI ivwc kfnUMnI ÈbdfvlIaF aqy srkfrI pwqrkfrI vrgy mwuZly, pr buinafdI kfrj vI kIqy hn, pr sfzIaF adflqF aqy mihkmy ies nUM vrqx ivwc hwqk mihsUs krdy hn.

         pMjfb srkfr ny ipwCy ijhy srkfrI kfrivhfr ivwc pMjfbI dI vrqoN df kfnUMn bxf ky pRsMsfXog kfrj kIqf hY. loV ies kfnUMn nUM aml ivwc ilafAux dI hY.

         ijhVy aMgryËIdfn aMgryËI df pwK pUrdy hn Auh hkIkq ivwc afpxI JUTI hAUmY dI iqRpqI kdy hn. asl ivwc Auh Kud vI pMjfbI BfÈf dI hI vrqoN krdy hn. ijMnI afsfnI nfl Auh afpxI gwl df sMcfr pMjfbI ivwc kr skdy hn aMgryËI ivwc Auh sMBv hI nhIN.

         sB qoN aihm svfl iswiKaf dy srokfrF df hY. pMjfb srkfr ny pMjfbI nUM dsvIN jmfq qwk lfËmI ivÈy vjoN pVHfAux df kfnUMn bxf ky pRsMsfmeI kdm cuwikaf hY, pr ies nUM amlI rUp dyx dI ËrUrq hY. iewk aKbfr ivwc Kbr CpI sI ik pMjfb srkfr ny ËbrI dfn lYx vfly skUlF leI bVI krVI sËf dI ivvsQf kIqI hY. ieh ivvsQf BfÈf dy msilaF dy hwl vfsqy hI vrqI jf skdI hY. asIN pMjfbI BfÈf dI qrwkI cfhux vfly lok ieh vI cfhuMdy hF ik ihMdI aqy aMgryËI vI pVHfeI jfvy qF jo BfÈfvF dy afpsI myl-jol nfl sFJI qrwkI ho sky. dUsry ies ivwc koeI Èwk nhIN ik aMgryËI ivwc dunIaf Br df igafn ivigafn mOjUdf hY. pr iehdf lfB afm lokF nUM qF hI ho skdf hY jy ieh jfxkfrI aqy smJ pMjfbI rfhIN lokF qwk phuMcy.

         iswiKaf dy Kyqr df sB qoN vwzf mslf mfiDam df hY. sfzI mMg hY ik skUlF ivwc hryk mËmUn dI pVHfeI df mfiDam pMjfbI hovy aqy ies ivwc koeI Cot nf idwqI jfvy, pr aMgryËI dy ivdvfn, jo ik AuNglIaF `qy igxn jogy hn, ieqrfË krdy hn ik ies nfl ividafrQIaF nUM AucyrI pVHfeI ivwc muÈkl afvygI. pRMqU ieh iewk Brm hI hY. asIN aMgryËI dy igafn-ivigafn df BMzfr hox qoN munkr nhIN, pr ies df ieh arQ AuWkf nhIN ik dunIaf dy dUsry ivksq mulkF ny aMgryËI rfhIN hI qrwkI kIqI hY aqy pCVy hoey mulkF df iehdy ibnF guËfrf vI sMBv nhIN. jy asIN vI pMjfbI ivwc sMklpI BfÈf dI qrwkI leI qno-mno aqy Dno koiÈÈ krIey qF afpxy ividafrQIaF nUM aMgryËI ivafkrn dy byloVy boJ qoN ËrUr bcfieaf jf skdf hY. AunHF dy mn ivwcoN hIxqf df Bfv vI Gtfieaf jf skdf hY. jy gYr-aMgryËI BfÈI mulk afpxIaF BfÈfvF rfhIN AucyrI iswiKaf pRdfn kr skdy hn qF pMjfbI ivwc vI ieh sMBv hY ik jy nIq hovy aqy nIqI vI.

         pMjfbI XUnIvristI dy sfbkf vfeIs cFslr zfktr puafr ny afpxy kfrj kfl dOrfn pMjfbI ivwc buinafdI smwgrI iqafr krn dI skIm bxfeI sI ijhVI kfPI kfmXfb vI hoeI sI jy ies skIm nUM awgy qoiraf jfvy aqy nfloN nfl pMjfbI ivwc mOilk ikqfbF ilKvfAux aqy anuvfd krvfAux df kfrj qyËI nfl kIqf jfvy qF Gwto Gwt mfnvI iviÈaF aqy ikirafvI klfvF ivwc bhuq CyqI XUnIvristI pwDr `qy vI sPlqf pRfpq kIqI jf skdI hY.

         ijhVy pfTk pMjfbI df sMklpI sfihq pVHdy hn Auh jfxdy hn ik pMjfbI ivwc afDuink igafn ivigafn dIaF gwlF vI ilKIaF jf skdIaF hn. ies pwqr ivwc afDuink igafn aqy ivigafn bfry lyK Cpdy rihMdy hn jo ies gwl df pRmfx hn ik pMjfbI BfÈf sMklpI sfihq dy pRgtfa dy vI smrwQ hY.

         prMqU ipCly sYNkVy sflF qoN kulInF aqy kfimaF ivckfr ijhVf inwq vDdf pfVf ipaf hoieaf hY ajoky globlI Xuwg ivwc afpxy isKr AuWqy phuMc jfx kr ky sMsfr afriQk sMkt df muV qoN kfrn bx igaf hY. ieh pfVf vI aMgryËI dy igafn-BMzfr nUM afm lokF dI Ëubfn ivwc qrËmfAux dy rfh df roVf bixaf hoieaf hY. dunIaf Br dy kfimaF nUM mÈIn dy byjfn kl purËy bxf ky AunHF qoN zMgrF vFg kMm ilaf jFdf hY. pYdf Auh krdy hn, vrqdy pYdfvfr dy sfDnF dy mflk hn. kfimaF nUM nf afpxy hwkF dI pCfx huMdI hY nf PrËF dI. sfieMs aqy qknIk dI vrqoN Auh ËrUr krdy hn, pr iehdf Borf vI AunHF dy hwQ pwly nhIN pYNdf. aMgryËI BfÈf dI vrqoN dy ipwCy vI kulInF aqy kfimaF ivcly ies mqByd dI isafsq df hwQ hY. ielfj iewko hY ik igafn-ivigafn dy mfihr kfimaF dI jfxI-pCfxI bolI rfhIN AunHF qwk afDuink igafn ivigafn df sMcfr krn. nhIN qF sMsfr afriQk sMkt vfr vfr pYdf huMdf jfvygf. jurm, dihÈqgrdI, BuwKmrI aqy aigafnqf vDdy cly jfxgy aqy mnuwK ijs kudrq df hux qwk mhFnfiek bixaf irhf hY, Aus nUM bhuq CyqI kudrq ingl jfvygI. ivigafnI sfieMs aqy qknIk dI qrwkI dy ies mhFnfÈI iswty `qy qF phuMc gey hn, pr pYdfvfr aqy Kpqkfr GtfAux vwl AunHF df iDafn nhIN jFdf ikAuNik ieh sUqr smfjvfdI ZFcy ivwc hI sfkfr ho skdf hY, ajoky munfPfKor ZFcy ivwc AuWkf nhIN.

 

 lok gfiek muhMmd sdIk df ipMz rfmpur

-suirMdr rfmpurI

         muhMmd sdIk ipMz rfmpur df jMmpl hY. rfmpur Aus dI jnmBUmI hY. ieQoN dIaF glIaF ivwcoN Aus nUM sMgIq dI guVHqI imlI. ies dy cOigrdy ivwc Aus ny afpxI pihlI hyk lfeI. ieQoN dy lokF ivwc ivcridaF Auh lok gfiek bixaf. ipMz rfmpur ivwcoN moh vI imilaf, ipafr vI aqy by-Qfh nPrq vI. ieQoN Aus nUM KuÈIaF-KyVy vI imly aqy mfnisk qsIhy vI. sfhmxy KVI mOq vrgI nPrq aqy qsIhy. Aus nUM jfn dy lfly pY gey. luk-iCp ky jfn bcfeI.

         rfmpur ieiqhfsk ipMz hY. ies ipMz nUM dsm ipqf sRI gurU goibMd isMG dI crn Coh pRfpq hY. AunHF dI Xfd ivwc gurduafrf ryrU sfihb hY. ieQy sMq aqr isMG aqy sMq Bgvfn isMG ny syvf aqy ismrn kIqf. sMq eIÈr isMG vI ies asQfn `qy rhy. bfad ivwc AunHF krmsr, rfVf sfihb ivKy gurduafrf sQfpq kIqf. skUl, kflj aqy hspqfl bxfey.

         Bgq pUrn isMG ipMglvfVf nUM vI ieQoN hI inÈkfm syvf dI pRyrnf imlI.

         sMq hIrfdfs aqy sMq srvx dfs ny ismrn aqy syvf qooN ielfvf dvfKfnf KolH ky mnuwKqf dI BlfeI df kMm kIqf. ies ipMz dy sfDU suMdr isMG df nF eIsfeI Drm isMG bhuq hI siqkfr nfl ilaf jFdf hY.

         muhMmd sdIk df bcpn ieho ijhy mfhOl ivwc bIiqaf.

          1947 dy iPrkU jnMUn, dihÈq, vihÈq aqy kihr ivwc muhMmd sdIk dy pirvfr nUM luk-iCp ky jfn bcfAuxI peI. zr, AunHF dI rUh qwk PYl igaf. afKrkfr AunHF ny ipMz Cwzx qy pfiksqfn jfx df mn bxf ilaf. pfiksqfn jfx df sbwb nf bixaf. pirvfr ny pihlF mlyrkotlf aqy iPr kuwp nUM pwkf itkfxf bxf ilaf. muhMmd sdIk ny qF luiDafxf ivKy afpxf Gr bxf ilaf hY, pRMqU AunHF dy mfqf jI aqy Brf df twbr kuwp ivwc hI vsy hoey hn. keI ivakqI Aus nuM rfmpur dI QF ‘kuwp vflf sdIk’ hI smJdy hn.

         ies dihÈq aqy vihÈq bfry hrcrn mFgt ibafn krdf hY ik jdoN Auh iProËpur qoN rfmpur vfps ipMz afieaf qF lgdf sI ijvyN awDf ipMz mr igaf hovy. jdoN Aus ny inwky ijhy, ipafry ijhy bwcy `cMGU’ bfry afpxI mF nUM puwiCaf qF Aus ny dwisaf ik iewk byrihm jnUMnI ny cMGU nUM pul dy Qmly nfl ptkf mfiraf, Puwt vFg PfV idwqf. Aus bwcy dI Xfd ivwc hrcrn BuwbF mfr mfr roieaf aqy keI gËlF aqy rubfeIaF ilKIaF.

         iesy vihÈq bfry suKimMdr rfmpurI ny iewk nËm ‘awDf ipMz’ ilKI ijs dy kuJ Èbd hyT ilKy anusfr hn-

awj kwlH mYN

ijs ipMz ivwc rihMnf,

awDf ipMz hY.

awDf ipMz qF icr hoieaf hY,

AujV igaf sI.

Kyzx dI ruwqy hI mYQoN,

mrIaF, bUlF, buwDF, bfno,

ruldU, hsnf aqy gPUrf,

ivCV gey sn.

         ies hnyrI ny pqf nhIN ikMny ku hoxhfr klfkfrF nUM gRs ilaf. ijs ipMz ny muhMmd sdIk nUM AujVn leI mjbUr kr idwqf sI Ausy ipMz nUM Auh bVy mfx nfl afpxf ipMz afpxf jnm-asQfn afKdf hY. ipMz nUM sjdf krdf hY. afpxy BfeIcfry aqy ipMz dy lokF dy duwK-suwK ivwc Èfml huMdf hY. Auh afpxy nF nfl muhMmd sdIk (rfmpurI) ilKdf hY.

         ipMz rfmpur dI sMgIq pRMprf bhuq purfxI hY. ieQy keI sMgIq Grfxy sQfpq sn. nfmDfrI gurU jgjIq isMG ny rfmpur dy qlvMzI Grfxy Ausqfd AUDo KF qooN sMgIq dI iswiKaf hfsl kIqI sI. ies pRMprf nUM siqkfrXog rihmfn, jmfldIn, Èyr Kfn aqy muhMmd ny awgy qoiraf. ieh sMgIq ivwc pRbIn hoey aqy pRiswDI hfsl kIqI.

         ipMz dy pMizq somnfQ Èrmf ny ies gIq-sMgIq dI pRMprf dI Dun ivdyÈF qwk PYlfeI sI. Auh afpxy smyN dy pRiswD sMgIqkfr aqy gfiek sn. AunHF dI afvfË ivwc keI drjn kYstF iqafr ho cuwkIaF hn. AunHF ny afpxy afp nUM Dfrimk gIq-sMgIq leI smrpx kIqf hoieaf sI.

         sMq bfbf gurmyl isMG ny ipMz rfmpur ivwc gurmiq sMgIq ividafilaf dI sQfpnf kIqI sI ijwQy bwicaF nUM gurmiq sMgIq dI iswiKaf idwqI jFdI hY.

         nvIN pIVHI ivwcoN pRo[ ÈmÈfd alI sMgIq dI aYm ey, aYm iPl hY. Auh sMgIq ivwc pI aYc zI vI kr irhf hY. klfsIkl sMgIq ivwc Aus df afpxf invyklf sQfn hY. Aus ny keI pRiqBfvfn gfiekF nUM sMgIq dI iswiKaf dy ky AuWcy sQfn `qy phuMcfieaf hY. lwgdf hY ik iewk idn Auh rfmpur sMgIq dI nvIN pRMprf aqy nvF Grfxf sQfpq krn ivwc sPlqf pRfpq kr lvygf. sdIk afpxy smyN df pRiswD lok gfiek hY. Aus ny do-gfixaF ivwc pRiswDI hfsl kIqI hY. Aus df gIq-sMgIq pMjfbI iPlmF aqy tYlIiPlmF dI ÈoBf bixaf. Aus ny keI iPlmF aqy tYlIiPlmF ivwc adfkfrI vI kIqI. Aus dy inBfey ikrdfr cricq hoey hn.

         ipMz rfmpur dI afpxI invyklI sfihqk prMprf vI hY. sfl 1953 qoN ieQy ‘pMjfbI ilKfrI sBf rfmpur’ sQfpq hY ijs dy smfgmF ivwc dyÈ ivdyÈ dy lyKk Bfg lYNdy hn. pRiswD Èfier surjIq rfmpurI afpxy ipMz rfmpur bfry ilKdf hY-

ijhVf pfxI pINdf Èfier bx jFdf

eynIaF sKq sËfvF myry ipMz dIaF

kwcIaF kMDF pwkIaF pRIqF dI bsqI